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BEERS  SHORTHAND 


COMPLETE  TEXT 


A  System  of  Light  Line  Phonogra- 
phy Adapted  to  Every  Purpose 
FOR    WHICH     Shorthand     is    Used 


BY 


JAMES  W.  BEERS 


Second  Edition — Revised  and  Re-engraved 


NEW  YORK 

THE  BEERS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

1908 


tntcred  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1908  by 

J.   W.   BEERS, 
in  the  Office  of  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C 

Entered  at  Stationers'  Hall,  London. 


Interim  Copyright  Registered  at  Ottawa  According  to 
Act  of  the  Parliament  of  Canada, in  the  Year  1908  by 
J.  W.   BEERS,  at    the    Department    of    Agriculture. 


Registered  with  the  Minister  of  the  Interior,  France. 


Registered  with  the  Ministry  of  the  Interior,  Spain  and  also  other 
Countries  Subscribing  to  the  Berne  Convention. 


Copyright,  1908,  by  J.   W.   BEERS. 


6  ii  s 


>- 
a: 

CQ 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SECOND  EDITION. 

I  see  no  reason  to  change  my  views  as  stated  in  the 
opening  paragraph  of  the  preface  to  the  first  edition. 

Many  very  strong  testimonials  in  favor  of  Beers 
Shorthand  have  been  received,  but  their  proper  place 
is  in  the  advertising  literature,  not  in  a  text-book.  The 
strongest  testimonial  any  book  can  receive,  is  the  fact 
that  a  second  edition  is  required  within  a  period  of  four 
months  from  its  first  publication,  a  thing  unprecedented 
in  shorthand  publishing. 

This  edition  is  re-written,  re-engraved  (photograh- 
ically,  from  my  writing),  revised  and,  as  will  be  evi- 
denced to  those  who  examined  the  former  edition,  greatly 
improved,  not  only  in  the  text,  but  in  the  illustrations, 
reading  plates  and  in  outline  formation. 

I  W'Ould  very  much  like  to  name  the  many  who  have 
aided  me  by  their  words  of  encouragement,  suggestions 
and  criticisms,  but  space  forbids.  There  are  two,  how- 
ever, whose  labors  in  my  behalf  have  been  so  great  that 
not  to  mention  their  names  would  be  a  gross  injustice. 
They  are  Mr.  Albert  S.  Childs,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif., 
a  phonographer  of  thirty-six  years'  standing,  who  made 
an  exhaustive  study  of  the  entire  work,  and  Fr.  Celes- 
tine  Bache,  0.  S.  B.,  Professor  of  Shorthand,  Typewrit- 
ing and  Elocution,  St.  Benedict 's  College,  Atchison,  Kan- 
sas, who  not  only  made  a  study  of  the  old  text  but  in- 
spected many  of  the  proof  pages  of  this  edition,  point- 
ing out  errors,  making  valuable  suggestions  and  criti- 
cisms, and  to  whose  keen  observation  is  due,  to  a  large 
extent,  the  accuracy  of  this  edition.  To  these  and  to  all 
others  who  have  aided  me  in  any  way,  I  tender  my  sincere 
thanks. 

J.  W.  BEERS. 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  July  22,  1908. 

448513 


PREFACE. 

Life  is  too  short  to  waste  time  in  writing  a  long  preface 
and  people  are  too  busy  to  read  one.  The  investigator 
prefers  to  take  what  follows  on  which  to  base  his  judg- 
ment, and  the  student  had  better  be  studying  the  inside 
pages  rather  than  be  reading  an  author's  words  of  self- 
adulation. 

However,  a  few  words  as  to  what  the  author  regards 
as  comprising  a  system  of  shorthand  worthy  of  adoption 
may  not  be  out  of  place.    It  should  be, — 

1.  Perfeetl\^  legible. 

2.  Brief  enough  for  the  most  rapid  work, 

3.  Easy  to  write. 

4.  Not  difficult  to  retain  in  the  memory. 

5.  Provided  with  a  sufficient  number  of  signs 
so  that  any  word  in  the  English  language  can  be 
written  with  absolute  phonetic  exactness  if  de- 
sired. 

The  first  requirement  demands,  (a)  that  the  outlines 
be  such,  that  when  quickly  written,  they  will  not  degen- 
erate into  something  differing  from  what  was  intended; 
(6)  the  avoidance  of  two  or  more  thicknesses  of  stroke, 
hook,  loop  or  circle;  (c)  that,  regardless  of  where  an  out- 
line stands,  it  must  indicate  the  same  word  or  words, 
phrase  or  phrases;  (d)  that  no  two  words  or  phrases 
which  could,  by  any  possibility,  clash  in  reading,  be  in- 

4 


Beers  Shorthand.  5 

dicated  by  the  same  outline;  and,  (e)  that  the  vowel 
signs  be  joined  to  the  consonant  signs. 

The  second  essential  requires,  (a)  that  a  sufficiently 
large  number  of  word-signs  be  provided  for  the  words  of 
frequent  use  so  as  to  render  the  common  words  very 
quickly  written;  (&)  that  all  words  not  generally  re- 
garded as  belonging  to  the  word-sign  class  be  written 
with  as  few  strokes  as  possible  without  the  promiscuous 
dropping  of  terminations  whenever  a  long  word  is  writ- 
ten, and,  (c)  that  it  be  easily  adapted  to  the  formation 
of  brief  phrase-signs. 

The  third  requirement  demands  that,  (a)  shading  be 
eliminated;  (&)  vertical  strokes  and,  as  far  as  possible, 
left-inclined,  straight  strokes,  be  avoided;  (c)  position 
for  outlines  should  not  be  utilized;  (d)  the  writing  of 
minute  characters,  hooks  within  hooks,  two  lengths  of 
hooks  and  other  similar  devices  should  be  discounte- 
nanced; (e)  the  various  signs  should  be  appropriated  to 
the  various  sounds  in  such  a  manner  as  to  make  an  obtuse 
angle  of  rare  occurrence;  (/)  the  signs  should  be  ar- 
ranged so  as  to  make  the  writing  as  nearly  lineal  as 
long  hand  writing;  and,  (g)  the  pen  movement  should  be 
similar  to  what  all  are  used  to  in  ordinary  writing. 

The  fourth  essential  requires  that,  (a)  the  number  of 
word-signs  be  limited;  (&)  there  should  be  as  few  excep- 
tions as  possible,  though  no  system  has  ever  appeared 
without  them,  and,  doubtless,  none  ever  will;  (c)  the 
word-signs  should  be,  so  far  as  is  possible,  the  first  parts 
of  what  would  otherwise  be  the  full  outlines;  and.  (d) 
the  phrase  signs  should  be  suggestive  of  the  various  out- 
lines for  the  words  comprising  the  phrase. 


6  Beers  Shorthand. 

The  fifth  requirement  of  a  good  system  demands,  (a) 
that  any  vowel  sound  can  be  written  by  a  sign  that  is 
different  from  any  consonant  sign  or  other  vowel  sign ; 
( b )  that  any  consonant  sound  can  be  indicated  by  a  sign 
different  from  any  vowel  sign  or  other  consonant  sign. 

Beers  Shorthand  is  the  result  of  more  than  twenty-five 
years  practice  and  experience,  and  its  author  believes  it 
to  measure  up  to  the  foregoing  requirements.  Whether 
or  not  the  public  will  take  the  same  view,  time  alone  can 
determine. 

Acknowledgments. 

"Render  to  Caesar  the  tilings  that  are  Caesar's." 
That  is  a  difficult  command  to  follow  in  the  shorthand 
field  for  the  reason  that  it  is  extremely  hard  to  find  out 
just  who  was  the  discoverer  or  first  user  of  any  shorthand 
principle.  However,  if  we  go  back  to  those  who  made 
the  first  successful  use  of  any  of  the  principles,  it  is  far 
enough.  To  that  extent,  I  acknowledge  my  indebtedness 
to  Thomas  Stratford  Malone,  for  the  idea  of  the  forward 
movement ;  to  Isaac  Pitman  for  the  use  of  several  of  the 
principles  of  contraction,  and  to  David  Philip  Lindsley 
for  the  principle  of  limiting  the  use  of  compound  signs. 

New  York,  J.  W.  Beers. 

March  25, 1908. 


INTRODUCTION. 


To  THE  Student. 


If  you  are  about  to  learn  shorthand  as  an  amusement, 
then  practice  and  study  as  you  please,  but  if  you  are 
learning  it  for  the  purpose  of  making  some  practical  use 
of  it  or  to  follow  as  a  profession,  then  you  must  study 
and  practice  systematically  and  with  all  the  energy  you 
possess.  Shorthand  is  not  learned  in  a  day  or  a  week, 
and  the  quicker  you  understand  that  it  is  going  to  take 
hard  work  and  plenty  of  it,  the  sooner  will  you  be  on  the 
road  to  success. 

Lenrn  the  first  lesson  first;  the  second  lesson  next,  con- 
tinuing thus  until  the  study  of  the  principles  of  outline 
and  phrase  formation  are  mastered.  Never  write,  words 
not  given  in  the  lesson  at  hand,  or  that  have  not  been 
previously  given,  or  that  are  not  furnished  you  by  your 
teacher.  Many  students  like  to  look  through  a  book  and 
write  this  or  that  word  or  phrase  when  they  know  noth- 
ing of  the  principles  employed  in  its  formation,  and  in 
that  way  form  incorrect  ideas  and  make  wrong  outlines, 
and  it  is  harder  to  correct  the  use  of  one  incorrect  out- 
line than  it  is  to  learn  ten  new  ones. 

7 


8  Beers  Shorthand. 

As  to  whether  a  pen  or  a  pencil  is  used,  depends 
largely  on  the  individual.  In  some  classes  of  work  a 
pen  will  be  necessary  and,  in  other  lines,  a  pencil  will  be 
desirable.  It  is  better  to  practice  with  a  pen  in  either 
ease,  for  it  is  easier  to  change  from  a  pen  to  a  pencil 
than  it  is  from  a  pencil  to  a  pen. 

A  good  pen  to  use  is  Gillott's  number  404.  A  good 
pencil  is  Dixon's  Stenographer  S.  M.  number  490.  If  a 
pencil  is  used,  provide  yourself  with  a  good  quantity  of 
firm  paper,  without  gloss.  What  is  known  as  "'Machine 
Finish  "  is  a  good  grade.  If  a  pen  is  used,  then  write  on 
a  good  grade  of  pen  paper  and  do  not  attempt  to  write 
on  paper  of  less  than  twenty  pounds  weight  to  the  ream. 

In  practicing  for  speed,  select  some  article  of  about 
five  hundred  words  and  write  it  over  once.  Then  go 
over  it  and  correct  all  incorrect  outlines,  practicing  each 
individual  outline  many  times,  after  which  write  that  one 
article  at  least  one  hundred  times.  Remember,  it  is  bet- 
ter to  write  one  article  one  hundred  times  than  to  write 
one  hundred  articles  once  each.  It  is  the  constant,  per- 
sistent practice  on  one  article  that  brings  speed.  The 
writing  of  miscellaneous  matter  once  or  twice  never  did. 

Read  everything  you  write  and  read  it  every  time  you 
write  it. 

Make  no  effort  to  write  rapidly  in  your  early  practice 
nor  until  all  the  principles  are  thoroughly  impressed  on 
your  mind.  Your  first  aim  should  be  to  write  your  char- 
acters neatfy  and  as  near  the  sizes  of  those  shown  in  this 
book  as  you  can.    Be  sure  to  preserve  the  distinctions  in 


Beers  Shorthand.  9 

the  length  of  consonants  and  in  the  sizes  of  the  hooks  and 
circles. 

Study,  practice  and  persevere  and  success  is  yours. 

The  Illustrations 

All  the  illustrations  and  reading  plates  in  this  book 
were  reproduced  photographically  from  copy  written  by 
the  author.  They  have  not  the  exactness  that  would  be 
seen  in  outlines  drawn  to  a  scale  but  undoubtedly  they 
are  better  examples  for  the  student's  guide  than  drawn 
outlines  would  be,  for  they  show  how  shorthand  appears 
in  actual  work  when  written  by  a  careful  writer. 


FIRST  LESSON. 

The  Alphabft. 

Sec.  1.  Consonants.  —  {a)  The  following  are  writ- 
ten from  left  to  right: 

Ic         "g^  R  L  N  M 

(/>)     The  following  are  written  upward: 

T  D  Sh  Zh  (as  heard  in  azure. ) 

Sec.  2.  Instructions  on  the  Above. — i.  Endeav- 
or to  make  the  strokes  about  the  size  of  the  engraved  forms. 

2.  Do  not  make  an  effort  to  form  perfect  curves,  or 
rather,  do  not  try  to  make  the  curves  the  shape  of  an  arc  of 
the  circle,  but  allow  the  pen  to  trace  the  line  with  an  easy 
movement  similar  to  the  movement  in  ordinary  writing. 

3.  While  no  effort  is  to  be  made  to  make  accurate 
curves,  j^et,  on  the  other  hand,  an  effort  should  be  made  to 
write  neat  characters.  Avoid  allowing  them  to  become  distort- 
ed. Because  some  people,  in  writing  longhand,  and  a  few, 
in  writing  shorthand,  form  the  various  signs  out  of  all  sem- 
blance to  their  original  shape,  is  no  reason  why  you  should 
do  likewise. 

4.  The  sign  given  for  G  indicates  the  hard  sound  as 
heard  in  bug,  give.  When  soft,  as  in  gem,  J  is  used,  for  the 
reason  that,  in  shorthand,  we  write  by  sound,  omitting  all 
silent  and  double  letters. 

10 


Beers  Shorthand. 


11 


Practice  the  following  outlines  until  you  can  write  them  as 
accurately  as  the  engraved  forms; 


Sec.   3.     Vowel  Signs — First  Series. 

The  following  are  portions  of  small  ellipses  formed 
with  a  pen  movement  made  in  the  same  direction  that  is 
taken  by  the  hands  of  a  watch.  Hereafter,  when  speaking 
of  this  motion,  we  will  term  it  the  regular  motion.  The 
four  signs  in  EACH  column  are  to  be  made  of  equal  size. 


•o  i  as  in  ill 

'I.  e  as  in  egg 

^,  a  as  in  alley 

-?  i  as  in  die 

The  Regular  motion : 


■^  e  as  in  eat 

'O.  a  as  in  ate 

-^^  a  as  in  ark 

^r  oi  as  in  oil 


»^ 


12  Beers  Shorthand. 

Sec.  4.     Remarks  on  the  Vowel  Signs. 

1.  Notice  that  the  short  sounds  of  i,  e  and  a  are  Indi- 
cated by  the  smaller  signs. 

2.  Observe  that  ache  is  written  with  but  two  signs  a 
(long)  and  A'.  This  is  because  shorthand  is  written  phonet- 
ically. 

3.  The  diacritical  marks  in  connection  with  the  vowel 
signs  are  used  to  indicate  the  exact  sound.  In  general  prac- 
tice, these  little  marks  are  seldom  written,  but  they  should 
be  thoroughly  memorized  so  that  when  they  are  needed  they 
can  be  inserted  without  any  hesitation. 

Practice  the  following: 


Sec.  5.    Variation  in  Direction. 

1.  When  joining  any  of  the  preceding  vowel  signs  to 
a  consonant  sign,  the  vowel  may  be  turned  so  as  to  open  in 
any  direction,  provided  it  is  always  formed  with  the  regular 
motion. 

2.  This  rule  permits  of  very  frequently  writing  a  vowel 
and  a  consonant  with  a  single  inflection  of  the  pen  by  allow- 
ing the  vowels  to  form  hooks  on  the  consonants,  according 
to  the  following  directions: 


Beers  Shorthand.  13 

{a)  Either  of  these  vowel  signs  may  be  written  as  a 
hook  on  the  final  end  of  any  consonant  sign  previously  given 
or  that  is  given  elsewhere. 

{h)  Any  of  the  first  series  of  vowel  signs  may  be  writ- 
ten as  an  initial  hook  on  any  consonant  sign  except  A',  G,  P, 
B,  T,  D,  F,  rand  n. 

Rem.     The  large  vowel  signs  are  seldom  written  on  the  back  of  a 
short  curve  and  never  on  the  back  of  T/i. 

Practice  the  following  many  times: 


^     ^^ 


Sec.    6.      Word-Signs. 

A  word-sign  is  a  word-outline  from  which  one  or  more 
of  the  prominent  sounds  are  omitted.  Such  signs  are  provid- 
ed for  all  words  of  frequent  occurrence  whose  outlines  would 
be  too  long  for  rapid  writing  if  written  in  full. 

Many  of  the  outlines  in  the  following  and  subsequent 
lists,  as  it,  in,  above,  are,  do,  etc.,  are  not,  correctly  speaking, 
word-signs  but  merely  unvowelized  outlmes.  All  such  are 
included  to  enable  the  student  to  become  accustomed  to  the 
appearance  of  outlines  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the  exercises. 

The  student  must  practice  all  such  outlines  until  he  is 
so  familiar  with  them  that  he  can  recall  instantly  the  outline 
of  any  given  sign-word  and  be  abk  to  write  it  with  accuracy 
and  without  perceptible  effort. 


14 


Beers  Shorthand. 


When  two  or  more  words  are  indicated  by  the  same 
sign,  they  are  such  as  will  not  conflict  in  reading.  Two 
words,  the  same  parts  of  speech,  should  never  be  indicated  by 
the  same  outline  lox  no  amount  of  context  could  be  depended 
upon  to  indicate,  with  certainty,  which  of  the  words  were 
intended. 

When  a  hyphen  is  used  between  parts  of  words,  it  means 
that  the  portion  of  the  word  before  the  hyphen  is  Indicated 
by  the  accompanying  sign,  and,  also,  the  entire  word.  Thus, 
in  the  following  list  is  given  iG  for  ignorant-ce,  which  means 
that  the  same  sign  may  be  written  for  ignorant  or  for  igno- 
rance, the  context  determining  which  part  of  speech  is  in- 
tended. 


Sec.    7.     First  List  of  Word-Sjgns. 


a,  an  or  and 

" —    act 

— >    any 

.-^    are,  or  or  our 

sometimes  right  or  write 

-73     came  or  car 

—3     can  or  kind 

call,  could  or  country 

^^  difFer-red,    different, 
difference 

^  do  or  dollar 

^-^  duty 

, give,  go  or  good 


'^    or  1/      J 

o     if 

-5 ignorant,  ignorance 

V in,  no  or  know 

^  it  or  to 

__^  like 

make,  may  or  am 
^" — ^  sometimes  me  or  my 

— ,     -  regular-ity 

(^  shall  or  shalt 

^  we 

^ .  will  or  well 


Jea 


die 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Outlines  for  Practice. 

tie  shy  tick         ^t^g 


15 


alloy 


tide       limb         lame         gill         shell        lied        deem 


sham       keg      lack        dish         gear         rack         dally 


dell     gash         died        add       ail         oil         egg      alley 
Reading  Exercise. 


.  ? 


SECOND  LESSON. 

,TnE  Alphabet — Continued. 

Sec.  8.  Consonants. —  (a)  The  following  are 
written  downward: 

I      I      r     r     J      J      ) 

P  B  Ch  J  F  V  Z 

L  ^  r  or  J  \ 

W  Y  Th  Ng 

(^)     //is   indicated    by   a    "tick"    struck    upward   or 

downward;  S  is  usually  indicated  by  the  small  circle,  but, 

occasionally,  by  the  sign  that  is  companion  to  the  Z-stroke. 

/   or  ^  o   or    ) 

H  S 

Sec,  9.     General  Instructions  on  the  Consonants. 

1 .  The  signs  for  Th  are  made  very  small,  as  is  also  the 
sign  for  //. 

2.  The  sign  for  Th  as  in  them,  rather^  is  written 
downward,  and  for  Th  as  in  thin,  both,  may  be  written  up- 
ward if  nicety  of  phonetic  indication  is  desired.  In  practice, 
however,  the  signs  are  used  interchangeably,  that  form,  right 
or  left;  upward  or  downward,  being  chosen  which  secures  the 
best  angle  with  either  a  preceding  or  a  following  stroke  or 
both,  always  remembering  that  Th  (and  also  //)  must  unite 

16 


Beers  Shorthand.  17 

with  another  consonant  at  an  angle  in  all  cases. 

3.  The  sign  for  /  indicates  the  sound  heard  (twice)  in 
jud^e.  In  the  word  gem^  for  instance,  we  do  not  write  GeM 
but  JeM.  The  sign  for  J  (pronounced  y'^jj)  always  indicates 
the  soft  sound  as  in  Just,  and  the  sign  for  G  (pronounced  ^^j) 
always  represents  the  hard  sound  as  in  go. 

4.  Notice  that  T,  D,  S/i  and  Z/i  are  struck  upward  and 
P,  B,  F,  V,  Ch  and  /  are  struck  downward.  It  is  natural  for 
the  hand  to  give  more  slant  to  the  upward  than  to  the  down- 
ward strokes.  When  either  of  these  signs  stand  alone  it  is 
the  slant  that  determines  which  is  to  be  read. 

5.  When  T  or  D  is  immediately  preceded  or  followed 
by  K  or  G,  the  angle  will  be  easier  to  form  if  /ess  slant  is  giv- 
en to  the  7-  or  Z)-stroke. 

6.  When  S/i  follows  A^  or  jM,  as  in  finish,  famish,  it 
may  be  written  downward  without  danger  of  conflict  with  Ch, 
and  thereby  overcome  an  inconvenient  consonant  junction. 

7.  When  a  (as  in  at)  precedes  P,  B  or  IV  it  is  indi- 
cated by  the  diacritical  mark,  thus:  ^  abuse,   \j —  awoke. 

Practice  the  following  many  times: 


Sec.   10.     Vowels — Second  Series. 
The  following  vowel  signs  are  the  lower  portion  of  an 
ellipse  struck  in    the    direction"  contrary    or  'cfposite    to    the 


18 


Beers  Shorthand. 


direction  in  which  the  hands  of  a  watch  move,  which  will 
hereafter  be  termed  the  reverse  motion. 


C-~ 


'<^  o  (IS  in  odd 

f.  u  as  in  jug 

<^/  o  as  in  book      l^ 

^r  u  as  in  few         4 

The  Reverse  motion: 


c^  a     as  in  paw       -l, 

Cf  o     as  in  beau       ^ 

c^  o     r/.  /;/  boom  4-— 

<^  ow  as  in  cow  — ^ 


Sec.    11.     Concerning  the  Second  Series. 
Observe — 

1.  That  the  signs  in  EACH  column  are  of  equal 
size  and  that  those  in  the  second  column  are  portions  of 
an  ellipse  about  twice  as  large  as  the  one  from  which 
those  of  the  first  column  are  formed. 

2.  That  but  one  0  is  written  in  the  outline  for  l/oom. 
As  there  is  but  one  sound  of  0  in  the  word,  only  one 
should  be  indicated  in  the  outline. 

S.  Refer  to  Sec.  4,  Rule  3.  It  applies  with  equal 
force  to  this  series.  However,  during  the  learning  per- 
iod, the  marks  should  be  inserted  with  all  long  vowels 
and  especially  with  the  diphthongs  i,  oi,  u  and  ow. 

Practice  the  following  many  times: 


/      ^ 


/    /    / 


y  / 


Bei:rs  Shorthand.  19 

Sec.   12.     Variation  in  Direction. 

1.  The  signs  of  the  second  series  of  vowels  may  open 
in  any  direction,  provided  they  are  turned  with  the  revcue 
motion. 

2.  The  abovC'rule  obviates  angles  and  strokes  by  per- 
mitting a  vowel  sign  to  form  a  hook  on  a  consonant  stroke 
according  to  the  following  directions; 

{a)  Either  of  the  second  series  may  be  written  as  a 
final  hook  on  any  consonant  sign. 

{b)  They  may  form  initial  hooks  on  any  of  the  con- 
sonants except  that  the  small  signs  cannot  be  prefixed  as 
hooks  on  K  and  G. 

(c)  REMEMBER,  the  signs  of  the  saon^l  series  are 
turned  with  the  reverse  motion,  thereby  forming  the  hooks 
on  the  side  of  a  consonant  opposite  from  the  hooks  made 
by  the  first  series  of  vowel  signs. 

Practice  the  following  many  times: 


-^      c^^       c^       c^       ^       J      J 


i^- 


[^ 


Rem.  Observe  that  when  a  vowel  sign  is  not  joined  to  another 
sign,  it  must  retain  its  alphabetic  direction  as  otherwise  there  would  be 
no  way  to  determine  to  which  series  the  sign  belonged. 

Sec.     13.     Position  of  Outlines. 

It  is  not  necessary  to    use  ruled  paper,  but  if   such  is 
used,  the  method  to  be  followed  is:  if  all  strokes  are  h'jriz.on- 


20  Beers  Shorthand. 

tal,  the  entire  outline  rests  on  the  line.    If  some  of  the  strokes 
are  inclined^  the  first  inclined  stroke  rests  on  the  line. 

If  ruled  paper  is  not  used,  this  rule  should  be  observed 
as  regards  an  imaginary  line.  It  not  only  adds  to  the  appear- 
ance of  the  writing  but  renders  its  execution  easier. 


v^- 


Sec.   14.     Punctuation. 

The  ordinary  marks  of  punctuation  are  the  same  as  in 
longhand  writing.  For  distinction's  sake,  the  dash  is  made 
a  wavy  line,  — ^;    the  hyphen  is  doubled,  --^^j    parentheses 

are  crossed,    (    ) 

Proper   names  should  be  underscore  1,  -u^  -u -  John 

Baum,   ^:<3:::^4c::^1jCI?-a^'<^^  ^-    ^-    ^^^'^i'    Lake- 

wood,  Idaho. 

Sec.   15.     Illustrating  the  Use  of  Vowel  Signs. 

lap  chug  shape 


ree 


rag 

eddy  Edna  merry  heel         keel         dairy 


Beers  Shorthand. 


21 


bum 


shade 


eat 


owed 


wad 


ilk 


beak  boil 


leave 


sheathe 


load 

view 

pay 

C- 

r— 

■X^ 

joke 

thick 

feed 

I 


shadow       dig         laugh 

/       A.      ^   r^      r^     n- 

fad        shake      shaggy        shell 

hack         hog        moth         thug 
Sec.    16.     Second  List  of  Word-Signs. 

(^  change  or  which 
_j  come 
^  done 
2  follow 
J  for  or  form 
>  gone 


about 

/      above 
(         advantage 

c        all 
, — .      allow 
c^-^    already 

/        be  or  by  {occasional- 
ly been) 

before 


/  began 

/  begin-ning 

/  ^  begun 

J  better 


J 


had 

have  or  very 
/       he,  him  or  the 
<— .    hear,  here  or  her 
V       how 
^     inform-ed 


II 


Beers  Shorthand. 


o  IS  or  as  {^occasionally, 
his  or  has) 

^-^  known  tr  none 

V p  much 

/  never 

/  object 

t,  of 

^^  one  or  won 

/  opportunity 

^  order  or  would 

c/  out 

.' ''  pleasure 


/  popular-ity 

/■^  should  or  issue 

/-  than  or  then 

r  that 

J  they  &/-  them 

\^  thing  or  think 

/  up  OK  hope 

^  who-m 

^  with 

^  you 

^  your  or  year 


Sec.  17.     Change  in  the  Shape  of  Vowel  Signs. 

A  vowel  sign  may  be  inclined  toward  the  stroke  on 
which  it  forms  a  hook  for  the  purpose  of  making  an  easier 
junction  with  a  following  stroke. 

In  no  case  can  the  following  stroke  cross  the  preceding 
stroke. 

Illustrations. 

liege  fowl         sheep        deep       bowed 


^ 


viewed 


Rem.  I.  In  a  few  cases  the  vowel  sign  may  be  disjoined  and 
placed  near  the  consonant  to  which  it  belongs. 

Rem.  2.  As  a  great  many  vowels  may  be  omitted  with  entire 
safety,  the  exercise  of  the  rules  in  Sec.  17  and  in  Remark  i,  above, 
is  very  seldom  necessary.    See  hush,  attach,  under  Sec.  15. 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Outlines  for  Practice. 


23 


r 

5    ^^     ^      >'^^     o<-    l^     h^    A^    L .   A-  / 

t     l^     /y^    ^      I. ,      C     (?—     -^     L  • 

Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  bee    bay    boy    bow    ebb    pie    pay    edge    joy    jaw   fee    foe    vow 

2.  vie     view     ache     eke     coy     egg     gay     guy     car     row 

3.  roe     rye     ail     eei     oil     lay    lea     lie    aim 

4.  mow     May     toe     tie     oat    aid     odd     day     doe 

5.  die     she     show     ash     book     beak     bake     bum     peak     pig 

6.  poke     joke     Jake     foam     though     tliuj     lath     bung 


J       / 


Reading  Exercise. 


J 


24 


Beers  Shorthand. 


THE  COMPLETE  ALPHABET  OF 
BEERS  SHORTHAND. 

Consonants. 
The  following  are  written  from  left  to  rig_ht: 


K 

The  following 

T 


G  R  L 

are  written  upward: 


N 


M 


D 


Sh 


Zh  (as  heard  in  azure) 


The  following  are  written  downward: 


/ 
P 


/     / 

B  Ch 

W 


F 


V 


) 

z 


Y 


Th 


Ng 


Variable : 


H 


>7  1  as  in 

^.  e  as  in 

■^,  a  as  in 

■^.  i  a'  in 

'<^  o  as  in 

<^.  u  as  in 

<^/  o  «j^  in 

^c  U  <7J  /« 


s 


Vowels. 


ill 
egg 
alley 
die 

odd 
jug 
book       Irr- 
few         / 


■^  e  as  in  eat 

'^l  a  as  in  ate 

'^z  a  as  in  ark 

'^/  oi  as  in  oil 

•<>  a  as  in  paw 

a  o  as  in  beau 

c;  o  ^j^  7«  boom 

<:  ow  as  in  cow 


•^ 
/ 


/ 


Copyright,  1907,  by  J.  W.  Beers. 


THIRD  LESSON. 

Indicating  ^S"  and  Z. 

Sec.  18.  (a)  The  stroke  form  for  Z  is  used  when  Z 
is  the  first  consonant  in  a  word,  as  in  eascn.ent,  zeal,  and,  {b) 
when  Z  is  the  last  consonant  in  a  word  and  is  FOLLOWED 
BY  A  VOWEL,   as  in  busy,  /lazy,  dahy. 

(c)  The  stroke  form  for  .S"  is  only  used  when  preceded 
by  an  initial  vowel  that  would  be  difficult  to  write  in  connec- 
tion with  the  circle,  as  in  essence,  where  the  use  of  the  circle 
would  require  forming  it  on  the  back  of  a  curve.  Also,  when 
5  is  followed  by  a  SHORT,  final  vowel,  as  in  mercy,  embassy, 
the  stroke  form  is  always  used.  This  final  vowel  is  omitted 
except  in  the  outlines  for  proper  names. 

{d)  In  practically  all  other  cases,  the  circle  is  used  to 
indicate  either  S  or  Z. 

{e)  Usually,  the  circle  is  turned  on  the  inside  of  a  curve 
and  is  added  to  straight  strokes  with  the  REGULAR  motion. 

Illustrations  of  the  Preceding  Rules. 

(<?)    zero  zeal        zealous       (^)     Lizzie  busy 

(<:)  isosceles       essence  estate       estop       (</)  odds 


26  Beers  Shorthand. 

sowed         tags     (e)    sleigh 


<^^z.             <^' 

C — 5 

slow          snow 

sky 

a^            U-f 

l^ 

stow        Jones 

poems 

reefs         style  small 

Sec.   19.     The  Circle  Between  Strokes. 

(a)  Between  curves  struck  in  opposite  directions,  as  be- 
tween L  and  A^,  the  circle  is,  in  almost  all  cases,  turned  on 
the  back  of  the  first  curve.     See  line  (a)  on  the  next  page. 

(/»)  When  the  circle  comes  between  a  curve  and  a 
straight  stroke,  as  between  AI  and  D,  P  or  G,  it  is  turned 
inside  the  curve,  except  in  the  following  combinations: 

^^//^^     -^  J^     ^ 

ChsT   ChsD    JsT     JsD     ChsK    ChsG    JsK      JsG 

y    -/  ^    ^  y  ;/-  ^    -/ 

TsF     Ts^V    DsF      DsV    KsF     KsV     GsF       GsV 
PsN       PsM       BsN       BsM      WsT    WsD 

Rem.  The  above  Illustrated  exceptions  are  hiade  so  as  to  produce 
greater  uniformity  of  movement  and  to  overcome  the  tendency  of  straight 
lines  to  curve  in  these  combinations.. 

(c)  When  the  circle  is  made  between  two  straight 
strokes  that  form  an  angle,  as  between  G  and  P,  it  is  turned 
on  the  OUTSIDE  of  the  angle. 

(d)  When  the  circle  is  written  between  straight  strokes 
that  are  struck  in  the  same  direction,  as  between  D  and  T, 
it  is  written  on  the  first  stroke  as  if  no  other  stroke  were  to 
follow;  that  is,  with  the  REGULAR  motion. 


Bkers  Shorthand. 


27 


{e)  When  joined  to  a  vowel,  the  circle  is  generally 
written  on  the  inside  of  the  vowel. 

Illustrations. 
(a)     lesson         risen         fasten        jostle        misled 

(/>)     cousin       mask       vesper        misty       chastise 

~f         ^  J^         ^.^      ,,_^ 

(c)     gasp  task     .   bestow         desk       accede 

(//)     cask  dusty  bespoke  decide 

(e)      say       seed      noose        soil       suit       sayeth 

Sec.  20.     License  in  the  Use 
OF  THE  Circle. 

The  circle  is  very  frequently  attached  to  a  stroke,  omit- 
ting the  intervening  vowel  in  words  of  frequent  occurrence, 
such  as  f^ce,  seen,  pass,  does,  said,  etc.,  and  in  long  outlines, 
such  as  disobey,  desert,  vessel,  etc.  In  case  of  any  danger  of 
the  resultant  outline  conflicting  with  some  word-outline  that 
does  not  have  an  intervening  vowel,  the  proper  vowel  should 
be  inserted  and  the  circle  written  inside  the  vowel.  See  the 
outlines  for  keys,  views,  space,  below.  Compare  keys  and 
case. 


28 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Illustrative  Outlines. 

reside        smote          spoke          stick         said  seed 

case          keys         base          bows          seen  seems 

its        some  or  same         safe         saves         toss  such 

famous        jaws        sawed       beasts         sought  suffice 
sung        tax         notice         spell         smoke       synagogue 

basin         bosom         lesser       mason         dozen  fasten 


Sec.   21.     Third  List  of  Word-Signs. 


y^  assist-ed,  assistance 

/  ^  because 

J  business 

</"  first 

J~~  forsake 


C  or  ^     has  or  his  '^e tick 'soften  o- 
initted  111  phrases. 


^ .     insignificant, 

insignificance 

/  inspect-ed 

^  its  (or  it  is  or  it  has) 

^  nevertheless 

J  possible,  possibly 

possibility 

J        purpose 


Beers  Shorthand. 


29 


resignation 
signify-ied 
saw 


J       speak,     special-Iy 

/       subject 

^       sufficient-ly 

sufficiency 
(        suggest-ed 


9     M 


r 


c^ 


>-  J—^ 


^ 


^ 


30 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Key  to  the  Preceding  Outlines. 

1.  desk  dusk  task  does  days  said  set  misty  dusty 

2.  hasty  spoke  spike  basin  mason  bison  sleep  smack 

3.  sadness  scales  slur  {or  slower)  slowness  just  chased  digests  snap 

4.  severe  boss  vesper  obeys  bums  sense  seems  sobs  seeds  pass  passed 

5.  passive  miss  missing  sings  sway  sweep  swish  seeks  lease  slays 

6.  last  least  lost  suppose  supposing  smites  gasps  chasm 

7.  leads  sneer  slave  smooth  elusive  missile  ensign 

8.  massive  receipt  message  husk  hissed  evasive  safety  feels  ceramic 

9.  positive  obelisk  nuisance  despair  post  pieced  psalm  alms 

Sec.  22.     Phrase  Writing. 

By  "Phrase  Writing"  is  meant  the  joining  of  two  or 
more  words  in  one  outline.  For  the  present,  the  student 
should  join  only  such  combinations  as  are  shown  in  the  fol- 
lowing examples: 


/^ 


r 


7^ 


■3 


It  may 
in  whom 
they  should 
could  suggest 
for  some 
give  us 
this  may 
could  be  done 
we  do 
which  is  in 
with  as 
how  will 
how  do 


-y 


r^ 


-/ 


to  be 
how  shall 
he  will 
he  could 
may  have 
in  some 
if  our 
do  we 
shall  it 
it  is  in 
in  order 
all  is-h-as 
it  is  possible 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 

>'      J--       ^v^  ^ 


31 


;;^     '    J-. 


-  >- 


o^  /  -  £^ ^  /^ 

r 


<i7  J        C-^ 


"^ p 


y 


^  ^ 


<r^ 


C'  (o 


.^    7  '•  ) 


FOURTH  LESSON. 


Sec.  23.     The  Large  Circle. 

(a)  The  circle  is  made  about  twice  its  regular  di- 
ameter to  add  a  second  ^  or  z  with  a  short  intervening  vowel 
(which  is  always  omitted),  and,  occasionally,  in  long  out- 
lines or  in  short  words  of  frequent  use,  a  long  vowel  may 
intervene. 

(b)  A  third  5  or  z  may  be  added  by  turning  a  small 
circle  on  the  side  of  the  stroke  opposite  the  large  circle. 

(c)  The  rules  governing  the  use  of  the  small  circle 
apply  with  equal  force  to  the  use  of  the  large  circle. 

Illustrations. 

~0  .-D  ^  ^  —O-         '^-rS^ 

guesses        races        faces        basis      excess      accessory 

Q^     ^         c/         v_P  d^  ,,_^ 

season     desist     possess     misses     possesses         exhaust 

Sec.  24.     Plurals  AiVd  Possessives. 

(fl)      The  small  circle  is  added  to  the  outlines-  of  noun'? 
32 


Beers  Shorthand.  33 

to  indicate  the  plural  number  or  possessive  case,  and  to  the 
outHnes  for  verbs  in  the  present  tense  to  indicate  the  third 
person,  singular. 

(/>)  If  the  outline  for  the  singular  ends  in  a  small  cir- 
cle, the  plural  is  formed  by  enlarging  the  circle  except  where 
the  circle  has  been  added  to  a  vowel  sign.  In  such  instances 
a  second  circle  is  written.      See  piece,  pieces;  pose,  poses,  below. 

(f )  With  the  outlines  for  such  words  as  basis  (sing.) 
and  bases  (pi. )  the  plural  form  is  distinguished  from  the  sin- 
gular by  writing  a  dot  within  t'le  circle.    See  in  the  following 

Illustrations  : 

/        ^        ^      J      ^     ^ 

objects     advantages     dollars       hopes       gives        makes 

—-D      ~^        <^         4         >^         -4  a       ef 

gzze    gazes    pose      poses    piece     pieces      basis     bases 

Sec.   25.     The  Reverse  Circle. 

At  the  beginning  of  straight  strokes,  the  circle  is  turned 
with  the  REVERSE  motion  to  add  r,  thus: 


;     / 

/ 

/ 

c^                           0_- 

Q 

sP         sPr 

sB 

sBr 

sK          sKr 

sG 

sGr 

6^              c^ 

c^ 

o^ 

r         o^ 

/ 

sT         sTr 

sD 

sDr 

sprig        strip 

supper 

o-^ 

/ 

<- 

A 

^^ 

sadder         s 

sober 

seeker 

bespread 

destroy 

34  Beers  Shorthand. 

(h)  A  circle  at  the  final  end  is  reversed  to  add  r,   thus: 

passer  boxer  elixir  guesser 

Rem.     The  circle  is  not  reversed  to  add  R  when  the  R  is  followed 
by  another  stroke  that  cannot  be  joined  without  crossing  the  stroke  on 
which  the  circle  is  written,  thus    ^^ —      is  TsK,  NOT  TsrK;     — 7^ 
is  GsP,  NOT  GsrP. 

Sec.  26.     The  Termination  SAun. 

The  termination  sAun  (spelled  variously,  tion,  dan,  sion, 
etc. )  is  indicated  by  writing  a  small  circle  and  extending  the 
line  across  the  stroke,  shaping  it  like  a  small  hook,  to  which 
a  small  circle  may  be  added  to  form  the  plural  or  possessive. 

If  s  precedes  s/iun,  as  in  poSitlon,   the  circle  is  enlarged. 

The  vowel  preceding  s/iun  is  usually  omitted,  but  if  it  is 
needed,  the  sAun-hook  is  written  on  the  vowel  sign.  In  out- 
lines where  it  is  essential  that  the  vowel  be  inserted,  and  s/iiin 
is  preceded  by  s,  as  in  cJUSation,  the  s  is  omitted,  as  the 
writing  of  a  large  circle  in  a  vowel  sign  is  not  permitted. 

Illustrations. 


J 


vision       option  relation        accession         mission 

Ol  ^ — ^  oL-^  '^ — ^  c7^ 

potion      missionary       visionary      missions     opposition 

Sec.   27.     The  Reversed  Shun-WooY^. 

The  ^//w«-hook  is  made  with  a  reversed  motion  on  straight 
strokes  and  on  the  hack  of  curves  to  add  I,  thus: 


educational     optional     additional     national      emotion.al 


tr 


J 

1  -o 

2  ^-^ 


Beers  Shorthand. 

Sec.  28.   Fourth  List  of  Word-Signs. 

consist-ed 

describe-d 

description 

dissatisfy 

dissatisfaction 

dissimilar-ity 

express-ed 

expression 

formation 

information 

inspection 

Mrs. 

necessary 

objection 


35 


I       observe-ation 
y        publication 
0/      reformation 
''"^ — 6    regulation 
--^r     resist-ed-ancc 
y       satisfy-ied 
satisfaction 
signification 
subjection 
subordinate 
subordination 
suggestion 
suspect 
unnecessary 


7 
/ 
/ 
r 
9 


OuTLiNKs  FOR  Practice. 

^^     c^     J      J       'V      /^     ---fc'     ^.^^  ^ _^      ^ 


c/-^       c^ 


36 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  cases  guesses  passes  basis  vases    spaces    synopsis    offices  emphasis 

molasses  success 

2.  paralysis  decisive  races  necessity  dances  chances  diseases  residences 

successive  season 

3.  emphasizes  scratch    sadder    sober    supper    scrub    soprano    sprains 

supercede  sacrifice  destroy 

4.  action    caution  occasion  fashion    vision    eruption  portion  decision 

addition  election  function 

5.  location    physician    physicians    devotion     permission     substitution 

superstition  ammunition 

6.  munition  eviction  vocation  nation  mission  nations  missions  national 

occasional 


Sec.  29.     Phrases. 


will  consist 

my  information 

it  is  necessary 

no  object 

some  object 

he  said 

they  said 

some  satisfaction 

will  say 

said  to  be 

they  express 

have  said 

the  same  description 


satisfy  you 
my  observation 
a  subordinate 


/ 

/-ff^     because  it  is 
^       they  say 

subject  to  inspection 
for  us 

Z^       because  they  have 
^ —    they  signify-ied 
/^        that  signified 


2 


V 


my  purpose 

had  been  suggested 

your  resignation 


Beers  Shorthand.  37 

Reading  Exercise. 

V  ^  -  ^  ^^ —  J-  ^  <^  — ^  - 

,- — ^^         Q— '  .        •        ,3/^-^ — ^^         <^        -  ^"'^         ^"—6  v^      /^        t^ 

^„^  _      V, p     OS      /^     £^     c     c/     .T_g  .     ^    /   -'sr^'^  ^ 

^     ^.     y     /    ^     --^-'''^    .^     r     <.-(>     ^     X     ^  - 
c    ^     2.     ^      V  .^.     ^   ^-^  ^   //-" 

_   ,. ,    /  .^^-^"^    ^     C-t^     °    "^ —   p    ^   '^*^  '^  /  • 

448513 


FIFTH  LESSON. 


Sec.  30.    The  Loops. 

(a)  A  small  loop  Is  made  at  either  end  of  a  stroke  (if 
it  is  not  otherwise  modified)  to  prefix  /  at  the  beginning  of 
an  outline  or  to  add  /  or  ^  at  the  end  of  an  outline.  The 
loop  rs  occasionally  used  when  a  long  vowel  occurs  between 
the  stroke  and  the  added  /  or  d,  and  frequently  when  a  short 
vowel  intervenes. 

(b)  The  loop  is  lengthened  to  add  ed  as  in  lifted. 

(c)  The  5-circle  may  be  added  to  a  final  loop  by  turn- 
ing the  circle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stroke. 

(d)  R  (er,  ir,  or)  may  be  added  to  tlie  small  loop 
by  turning  a  hook  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stroke,  and  s 
is  added  to  this  hook  by  making  a  small  circle  within  the 
hook. 

The  loop  is  made  inside  of  curves  and  with  the  regular 
motion  on  straight  strokes. 

Illustrations, 

/•      _    ^     ^    /7       ^ 

(a)  touch         let         debt         met  devote  wet 

J      ^        ^       ^   ^ 

{h)  voted        devoted         mated      (f)  lets  devotes 

38 


Beers  Shorthand.  39 

J>^         ^  J  ^^         n^         ^-^ 

debts        rates         bets     (d)  letter         reporter       letters 

Sec.  31.  Medial  Loops. — It  is  occasionally  convenient 
to  make  the  loop  between  strokes,  but  in  all  such  cases  the 
second  stroke  must  not  cross  the  first,  for  in  that  case  there 
would  be  no  way  of  distinguishing  between  the  ^-circle  and 
the  t-J-\oop  as  in  writing  the  circle  between  certain  com- 
binations of  strokes,  as  between  B  and  T,  it  assumes  the  loop 
form. 

Carefully  compare  the  followin<>  examples: 

notary     motley  Vs-L,  ne/ Vt-L;  Bs-D,  «<?/ Bt-D. 

Sec.  32.     The  Reverse  Loop. 

(a)  The  small  loop  may  be  made  with  a  reverse  mo- 
tion at  the  final  end  of  straight  strokes  to  include  n,  as  in 
tent.    Lengthening  this  loop  adds  ed,  as  in  dented. 

(b)  Making  a  reverse  loop  at  the  beginning  of  straight 
strokes  prefixes  tr,  thus : 

/  ^  .^  ^  ^ 

(«)     bent  tent  distant  dents  counts 

_  /  A,  ^ 

(^)  truck  tribe  trapper  tribune 

Rem.     A  loop  cannot  be  added  to  the  sign  for  H.     Neither  is  the 
loop  used  when  the  T  or  Z)  is  followed  by  a  final  vowel,  as  in  duty. 


40  Beers  Shorthand, 

Sec.   33.     Fifth  List  of  Word-Signs. 


d 

abundant-ce 

/— 

admit-ted-tance 

^ 

astonish-ed-ment 

? 

average 

z. 

effect 

^^ 

emphatic 

; 

except-ed 

J 


^ 


execute-d 

fact 

legitimate 

market 

perfect 

re  m  i  t-ted-tance 

tanojble-ility 


Outlines  for  Practice, 

•  /_    -  ^   ^  j7  —    - 

^^'''—=>       L^       L-^        6-53      L^     ^^-tfj     v,-^     «^_,tfj  •— <5> 


Beers  Shorthand.  41 

Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  tag  tack  top  tub  ten  bet  pet  debt  repeat  rebate  rivet 

2.  deemed  permit  omit  bereft  lift  shaved  locked  racket 

3.  docket    tact    picked    pocket    balked    backed    met    net    smut    rate 

4.  let    pushed    ditched    dodged    attached    thatched    patched    edged 

rushed  matched  mobbed 

5.  tilled  lodged  raged  wretched  tart  budged  paved  bailed  billed  font 

6.  vivid  volt  shamed  escheat  assumed  zealot  assert  mated  voted  faded 

7.  matter  letter  waiter  voter  chatter  gutter  cater  bitter  debtor  permitted 

8.  permits    laughter    charter    matters    letters    voters    fetters    devotes 

veteran  bend  or  bent 

9.  tent  bends  tents  patent  portent  distant  potent  ardent  trade  trip  tribe 

Sec.   34.     Phrase  Writing. 

The  joining  of  from  two  to  four  word-forms  in  a  single 
outline  not  only  increases  the  writer's  speed,  but,  if  indulged 
in  judiciously,  makes  the  writing  more  legible.  There  is 
something  about  an  outline  that  represents  several  words  that 
makes  it  difficult  to  read  as  indicating  a  single  word.  The 
reason  for  this  peculiar  feature  of  a  phrase  sign  is  owing  to 
the  fact  that  it  is  not  easy  to  make  a  -single  word  take  the 
place  of  the  several  and  yet  retain  the  sense  of  the  sentence. 

No  set  of  rules  can  be  devised  that  will  apply  to  all  cases 
and  conditions,  but  the  following  general  rules  should  al- 
ways be  taken  as  guides  to  correct  and  safe  phrase  writing: 

1.  Join  only  the  outlines  of  words  that  are  connected 
in  sense;  that  is,  the  words  should  be  such  as  are  not 
separated  by  a  pause,  not  even  by  a  rhetorical  pause. 

2.  Never  join  outlines  that  form  difficult  angles. 

3.  Do  not,  except  in  special  cases,  connect  more 
than  four  words  in  one  outline. 

4.  NEVER  join  the  outlines  of  proper  names  or  of 
technical  words  to  other  outlines. 

5.  Do  not  join  outlines  that  would  carry  the  pen  more 
than  the  length  of  a  5-stroke  from  the  line  of  writing. 


42 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Sec.  35.     Phrases. 


/ .     they  go 

^     go  about 
- — <~^  give  me 
^—^-     will  seek 
--^     will  satisfy 
(-/       they  possess 
o^     some  basis 
^-->-X)    in  excess 
•^^—^     they  met 
he  devotes 
they  admit 
express  rates 


/'-^^ 


be  admitted 
can  execute 
could  execute 
to  execute 
will  execute 
may  execute 
will  assist 


<L_^     very  emphatic 

*»— -7      some  facts  in  the  case 

Vi_^   you  remit-ted 


they  have 
that  they 


Sec.  36,     //  and  tAe  Added. 

Occasionally  //  or  the  is  added  to  a  word-sign  by  a  small 
final  loop. 


J 

J 


for  it,     for  the 
in  it,      in  the 
have  it,     have  the 
may  it,     may  the 
by  it,    by  the 
had  it,   had  the 


^  should  it,  should  the 

"^  could  it,      could  the 

^  inform  the 

Z^  begin  it,    begin  the 

^  subject  (to)  the 

°C^  for  some  of  the 


'^-^  , 


17 


T  - 


J. 


Beers  Shorthand.  43 

Reading  Exercise. 

^ •       ^        ^-c  ^^   .       y       /^    H) 


V      V    -    ^ 


7  ^   - 


-^ 


■>! — ^^    .  —         <=" O  /^ 


SIXTH  LESSON. 


Compound  Signs. 

Sec.  37.  There  is  a  large  class  of  words  in  which  two 
consonants  unite  as  a  compound  sound,  as  bl  in  bloiu;  tr  in 
trace;  cl  (kl)  in  class;  fr  in  fresh,  etc.,  and  it  is  desirable  that 
such  combinations  be  made  with  one  stroke  of  the  pen. 

The  following  table  should  be  thoroughly  memorized 
and  practiced.  While,  in  each  case,  the  outline  resembles 
the  character  for  one  of  the  constituent  sounds,  yet  the  stu- 
dent should  learn  them  as  signs  representmg  combined 
sounds,  and  not  as  modifications  of  the  alphabetic  characters. 

Sec.  38.     Table  of  Compounds. 

;      7      ;     7      ^     ^      ^  c^ 

Pr         PI         Br         Bl  Kr  Kl  Gr         Gl 

y  ^         J      J        ^       ^       .^    ^ 

Fr         Fl         Vr         VI         Nr         Nl         Mr         Ml 

Tr       Tl      Dr      Dl       Wr      Wl     Shr       Shi     Thr 
Illustrations. 


T^         T-       L        Z^ 


prayer  plague      brain         blame         crush        clash 

44 


Beers  Shorthand. 


45 


2^ 

frame 


trace 


dress 


grow       gloss       frame      raffle      flame 

-^     <7 

reaper     driver     rumor    trainer    middle     warm     insure 

Rem.  I.  Some  of  the  above  as  Vr,  Dl,  are  not  compounds 
for  the  reason  that  they  never  occur  in  English  without  an  inter- 
vening vowel,  but  by  using  them,  convenient  outlines  are  obtained 
for  many  words.  In  analogy  with  this,  any  of  the  compound 
signs  may  be  used  where  a  short  vowel  intervenes,  especially  in 
words  of  two  or  more  syllables. 

Rem.  2.  The  student  will  now  see  why,  in  Sec.  5,  12,  it  was  for- 
bidden to  write  the  vowels  as  initial  hooks  on  certain  of  the  consonant 
signs.  In  the  case  of  M  and  N,  when  Mr,  Ml,  Nr  or  Nl  are  the  first 
consonants  in  a  word,  the  compound  forms  cannot  be  used,  except  in 
a  few  outlines,  all  of  which  exceptions  are  given  among  the  word-signs. 
Except  with  the  word  "on,"  an  initial  vowel  is  prefixed  to  M  and^by 
a  hook.    The  vowel  in  "on"  must  ALWAYS  join  at  an  angle. 

Rem.   3.  In  writing  a  compound  form,  always  begin  at  the  hook  end. 


Sec.   39.     Circles  in  the  Hooks. 

The  small  circle  may  be  written  in  any  of  the  preceding 
hooks,  but  it  is  not  allowable  to  write  a  large  circle  or  a  loop 
in  a  hook. 


Illustrations. 
sever     safer     civil     supply     displace     sublime     sooner 


^ 


Sec.  40.  Phrasing.— The  L-hook  may  be  used  to 
add  zvill  and  the  /?-hook  m.ay  be  used  to  add  are  or  our  to 
a  single-stroke  word-sign,  thus: 

for  our,     for  all,     in  all,      it  will,     we  will,     have  all, 


46 


Beers  Shorthand. 


have  our,    they  are,     we  are  or  with  our,       could  our. 
Sec.  41.     Sixth  List  of  Word-Signs. 


/       abrupt-ly,  abruptness 

^v"^    advertise-d, 

advertisement 


7 
1 

7 
2 


aggregate 

agree-ment,   great 

America 

apply,   people 

applicable 

belong,  able 

brother 

care 

character 

collect-ed 

correct-ed 

deliver-ed,    delivery, 

dull 

dear 
ever-y 
■fotoi,   offer 
fuU-y,   fill 


_^ 


get 

glad,  glory 

influence 

influential 

improper 

liberty,   remember 

million 

more,   mark 

mortgage 
<^^        near,   nor,   honor 
y         obligate-d 
^         other,   through 

perform-ed 

perhaps 

practice-d 


7 
/ 


Y 


/ 

L 
7 


principal,    principle, 
principally 


/        problem 
Z"^     product 


Beers  Shorthand 

6v — -'  promulgate- d 

^  prospect 

^  their,  there,  they  are 

.^  time 

<f^  true,  attract-ed 

CO  unless 


47 


Sec.   43 
influential  citizen 
from  our 
for  your  favor 
very  emphatic 
perhaps  you  will 
perhaps  we  will 
perhaps  it  is 
perhaps  it  may 
^/-^   our  product 
,^ — ^_<^  great  influence 


value,  valued 
c^     valuation 
V      were,  work 
J}      virtue 

whichever 
(         what,  way 

Phrases. 


J 


? 


our  obligation 
it  is  applicablt 
we  expect 
first  mortgage 
in  the  aggregate 
it  is  admitted 
^^      it  is  the 
^-tj'/      it  is  said  to  be 
■TJ^-^  place  of  residence 
_^^^-^^     draw  upon 

Outlines  for  Practice. 
2   ^7      ?_     Z_^     -^    ^7    ^C-.     ]_     L     l- 


48 


Beers  Shorthand. 


s  2^    Z^   2^   2^  Z^^  ^  ^  _  _  _ 


^^   <f 


Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  pray  prayer  preach  prowl  leper  reaper  viper  deeper  dipper  trapper 

2.  trooper  p'an  plum  ripple  display  dispel  brag  brake  broke 

3.  brain  brush  robber  labor  braid  broad  brood  bride    breech    broach 

4.  blame  blur  black  block  double  table  liable  rabble  sublime    disable 

5.  blood  bread  brad  breed  blowed  breech  blotch  brooch  cross  cry  crow 

6.  crime  crane  crush  weaker  shaker  knocker  decry  clean  claim 

7.  cleanse  click  clock  clog  tickle  nickel  knuckle  glow  glee  glove 

8.  gloat  gleam  glean  gray  grow  grain  digger  trigger  clasp 

9.  vehicle  struggle  sparkle  free  freak  frog  fret  frost  bluffer  pilfer 

10.  diver  river  lover  sever  safer  muffle  raffle  scuffle  shovel  novel 

11.  travel  trifle  drivel  flop  flood  flap  flag  flog  flock  hammer 

12.  gravel  winner  banner  trainer  lunar  manner  tenor  gainer  tunnel 

13.  pommel  trammel  threat  third  rather  leather    mother   father   three 

feather  drover 

14.  driver  drum  dream  drench  dredge  draw  dry  drawing  drying 


Beers  Shorthand.  49 

Reading  Exercise. 


-c^        <•'- 


y 


/  J 


'X, 


SEVENTH  LESSON. 

Miscellaneous  Expedients. 

Sec.  43.  The  following  combinations  of  consonants 
occur  frequently  and  the  signs  provided  for  their  indication 
are  of  much  benefit  in  forming  brief,  legible  outlines 

Wh     Whr    Whl    Nging    Kw  (qu)  Kwl     Mp  or  Mb 


V 


MprcrMbr  whip         singing  whirl         wheel 

9     ^^     ^   ^-^ 

equal      temple       symbol         damp       damper       limber 
Sec.  44.     Lengthened  Strokes; 

The  signs  for  M,  L,  V  and  J  are  made  one-half 
longer  to  add  N.  K  is  made  more  than  twice  its  usual  length 
to  add  N. 

Illustrations. 

/ 


7  ~  r 


Roman  beacon  raven  melon  region 

Rem.  I.  The  lengthened  strokes  are  not  used  when  a  long 
vowel  intervenes,  nor,  in  words  of  one  syllable,  where  a  short 
vowel  intervenes,  except  in  a  few  word-signs. 

Rem.  2.  Lengthened  inclined  strokes  are  written  so  as  to  bring 
about  half  their  length  below  the  line  of  writing. 

50 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Outlines  for  Practice. 


SI 


Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  whip  whiffle  whim  whine  whist  queer  query  quick,  queen    quarrel 

2.  quicken  token  blacken  driven  riven  dungeon  famine  meant  vent  lent 

3.  tramp  cramp  hump  symbol  swamp   wheel   whether  quality     shaken 

singing 

4.  tamper   trample    tremble    damper    emperor    talon    villain   liniment 

The  Blending  Principle. 

Sec.  45.  The  combinations  T-L,  D-L,  T-R  and  D-R, 
when  written  quickly,  tend  to  unite  with  no  intervening  angle 
forming  an  upward  curve  like  Z>4.  As  ZA  never  occurs  ini- 
tially and  but  seldom  medially  and  finall}',  this  tendency  can  be 
humored.  For  the  sake  of  distinction,  make  7-^  the  same 
as  Z/i;  D-R  a  little  longer;  T-L  and  D-L  the  length  of  7-^ 
and  D-R,  respectively,  slightly  dropping  the  final  ends,  thus: 


TPv 


DPv 


TL 


TrL 


DrL 


writer 


cathedral    trollev     sterile 


52 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Sec.  46.  N-T  and  N-D  are  blended  into  upward 
curves  as  no  other  use  is  made  cf  these  strokes.  P  inal  A^  is 
added  by  a  small  hook  and  final  AI  by  a  large  hook,  thus: 

^       y        y^      ^     y     y    /y' 

NT  ND       endways     sent     send     faint     pound 

?  , 

2:?        l^     ^-^  ^       U         -^ 

phantom    bounden    lenten     item      fountain       tendon 

Rem.  1.  Observe  that  a  vowel  always,  except  as  noted  in  Rem.  2 
below,  comes  between  the  blended  TL,  DL,  TR  and  DR  and  never  be- 
tween the  blended  NT  and  ND ;  that  is,  the  blended  form  would  be  used 
in  the  outline  for  derix'e  but  not  for  drive;  in  the  outline  for  end  but 
not  for  need;  in  the  outline  for  mount  but  not  for  mint  te.  This  princ'p'e 
provides  a  difference  in  the  outlines  of  hundreds  of  pairs  of  words 
having  the  same  consonants. 

Rem.  2.  In  some  of  the  prefix  signs,  for  facility  or  for  distinction 
in  outlines,  exception  is  made,  as  regards  TR  an  J  DR,  to  the  rule  in 
Rem.  1,  above.  Also,  in  outlines  in  which  Tr  or  Z)r  follows  Pox  B, 
as  in  patron,  betray,  the  Tr  or  Dr  is  indicated  by  the  blend. 

■  Rem.  3.  It  will  be  noticed  that,  following  straight  strokes,  the 
loop  can  be  used  for  nt-d.  The  loop  is  used  in  such  cases  unless  it  is 
desired  to  insert  the  vowel.  The  blended  form  following  P  or  B,  how- 
ever, is  usually  the  more  facile  form. 


Sr.c.  47.     Seventh  List  of  WoRn-SicNS. 


Cy    abandon-ed 

accuaint-ed-ance 


; 


again 
alone 
amount,   meant 


_J'     anticipate 
.^"""^    consider 


y,   convenient-ly 
^^■^^'^  depend-ed-ence 
y        direct-ed 
__^y  endeavor-ed 
J     even-ing 
]     event-ual-Iy 


extra 


Beers  Shorthand. 


53 


extraordinary-ily 
/       equal-ity 
^y     hand-y 
_^    hundred-th 
imagine-ation 
^^     indifferent-ence 
_y)     individual-ity 
^       intimidate-d-ion 
^^ — -y    manufacture-d 


Sec.  48. 


'—t      in  these 
^-s?      in  this 
•—^     in  those 
'^       as  you 
/^     must  be 
he  seems 


v-__^x mechanic-al 

-^  not 

/^  origin-al-ally 

Z^  plenty-iful  ' 

/  question-ed 

)  resemble-d-ance 

,-~^^  return 

tr— ^  where 

r- — ^  while 

Phrases. 

<=         Dear  Sir 
'o  Yours  truly 

in  reply  to  your  favor 
is  received 


~^y^     your  esteemed  favor  (-of) 
^-^    •   please  write 


Sec.  49.  Avoiding  Angles. — There  are  a  number  of 
combinations  which,  if  exactly  formed,  would  show  angles 
at  the  points  of  union,  but  if  the  pen  is  allowed  to  glide  from 
one  stroke  to  the  next,  speed  and  ease  of  writing  are  greatly 
increased 

Each  combination  in  the  table  following  should  be  united 
without  an  intervening  angle. 


54  Beers  Shorthand, 

The  student  should  practice  writing  each  combination  un- 
til no  difficulty  is  experienced  in  forming  any  one  of  them. 

R-N        R-M         N-R       N-L      R-F        R-V        L-F       L-V 

R-F        R-B       L-P       L-B       P-N        P-M       B-N       B-M 

C^         O  C  C^         C       C^         C^ 

P-Nt        B-Nt        Ch-N        Ch-M        J-N        J-M       Ch-Nt 

^  //////  J  ; 

j-Nt      Ch-F     Ch-V     J-F     J-V      F-Ch   '  F-J      V-Ch      V-f 
Ch-T      Ch-D       I-T      j-D      Y-F      V-V        VV-Nt       Sh-F 

^       -77       "^     7      "1     ~) 

Sh-V  K-F  K-V  C-F  G-V         G-S         G-Z 

Rem.     H  and  Th  must  always  be  joined  to  a  stroke  at  an  angle. 

Sec.  50.  Limitations. — Care  must  be  exercised  so  as 
not  to  carry  the  gliding  or  blending  principle  to  extremes. 
While  such  a  combination  as  /)-/^should  be  written  with  one 
inflection  of  the  pen,  such  a  one  as  W-M  or  T-Sh  must  show 
an  angle  at  the  joining  point. 

In  each  combination  of  the  following  series  the  angle 
must  be  distinct,  and  each  of  the  outlines,  as  well  as  those  of 
the  preceding  list,  must  be  practiced  many  times. 


Beers  Shorthand.  55 

7-  7  -^  T 

R-K        R-G       L-K        L-G        R-Ch  R-J  L-Ch  L-J 

L         L^         U       ^      ^  ^  J  A, 

P-K        P-G        B-G       P-Ch       P-J  B-Ch  B-J  P-R 

l^~.        L         U^        ^            /  /  /  /- 

PI.        B-R         B-L        P-F        P-V  B-F  B-V  P-T 

P-D        B-T        B-D       P-Sh       B-Sh  B-Tr  B-Tl  P-Tr 

S'-V        S-F        S-Ch         S-B        S-G  S-T  S-N  Z-D 


]      I     ''      / 


1  /^    /v-^ 

2  7^    /^ 


Outlines  for  Practice. 


2y     l-^^    ^    L^. 


2^   Iy 


-<2^' 


O^         <V^         >_P^     oi-^ 


--^ 


^  (y  .^^ 


Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  patter   parter    rider   sterile    siderial    fiddle    model    rattle 

2.  prattle    bridle    rent    round    faint    faints    fainted    want    wind  wound 

3.  truant  drained  intent  intend  intended  intention  intimate  depend  defend 

4.  dined  quaint  bondage  bondman  toned    sent    send  incessant  fastened 

5.  recent    assent    assigned    chastened    absent    stringent    chant    joined 

attentive     sends 


56 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 


-2^ 


1-^ 


7  ^  r 


S 


^ 


cr-0    "    '    -'^^ — • 


C^ 


r. 


/^ 


EIGHTH  LESSON. 

Prefixes. 

Sec.  51.  Many  prefixes  and  prefix  syllables  recur  with 
great  frequency  and  by  giving  the  outlines  for  ail  such  especial 
attention  and  practice,  the  student  not  only  increases  his  abil- 
ity to  write  more  rapidly  but  to  read  more  readily. 

No  arbitrary  characters  are  employed  in  the  following 
illustrations;  all  that  do  not  contain  a  full  expression  of  conso- 
nants being  built  upon  one  general  principle — the  omission 
of  the  unimportant  consonants,  rendering  them  brief  yet  ab- 
solutely legible. 

Sec.  52.  A  lengthened  K,  as  explained  in  Sec  44,  is 
Kn.  This  provides  a  convenient  sign  for  co?i  and  its  use  is 
extended  so  as  to  also  indicate  com  or  cog,  thus: 

compose    compendium    comment    concession    compass 

— ^  — ^  — ^  -y 

contraband      contribution       controverted       contrivance 

Sec.  53.  When  immediately  followed  by  T  or  D,  as  in 
contaminate,  condone,  and  the  T  or  D  is  not  followed  by  R,  as 
in  contrast,  con  or  corn  is  indicated  by  Ko,  thus: 

^—      -^       -.^    ^      -^  ^ 

condemnation  contagious  condense  contents   condusive 
Rem.     It  must  be  understood  that  where  con,  com  or  cog  is  not  a 
PreHxes,  Copyright,  1908,  by  J.  W.  Beers.  57 


53  Beers  Shorthand. 

prefix,  but  helps  make  up  tlie  root  of  a  word,  the  prefix  sign  cannot  be 
used.     Coma,  comb,  cone,  comet  are  words  of  this  class. 

Sec.  54.  Syllables  Preceding. — Many  compound  pre- 
fixes are  formed  by  placing  other  syllables  before  the  regular 
prefix.  In  all  such  cases  the  prefixal  syllable  is  indicated  by 
its  usual  sign  followed  by  the  con,  com  or  cog  sign,  thus : 

accommodation  circumspection  decompose  discompose 
miscompute    misconceive     nonconcur     noncompliance 


recognize  unconscious      uncommon  uncircumspect 

Rem.  1.  iV  is  never  lengthened  to  add  a  second  «  except  for  the 
prefix  nan  as  in  noncompliance  nonessential,  et  cetera. 

Rem.  2.  Notice  that  uncom-n  is  distinguished  from  incom-n  by 
inserting  the  vowel  in  uncom-n.  The  vowel  sign  should  also  be  inserted 
in  outlines  for  words  beginning  with  encom  and  encum  if  likely  to  conflict. 

Sec.  55.  The  con,  com  or  cog  sign  may  be  omitted  from 
the  outlines  of  a  few  words  of  frequent  use,  as 

^  ^  ^  ^^  W^ 

condition  constant   consider  inconsideration    reconsider 

recognize    circumference     circumstance         recognition 

Rem.     The  student  should  restrict  such  omission  to  the    examples 
given  in  this  book;  the  experienced  writer  can  gradually  extend  the  list. 

Sec.  56.  Implied  Prefixes. — Placing  the  balance  of 
the  outline  very  near  or  partially  under  z  preceding  outline  im- 
plies that  con  or  com  is  to  be  supplied  when  reading,  thus : 

make  the  complaint,    will  convey,    a  complete,    the  portion. 


Beers  Shorthand. 


59 


Sec.   57.      Counter. — The  use  of  the  lengthening  princi- 
ple is  extended  so  as  to  indicate  couti  in  counter,  thus: 


counterfeit     counteraction     encounter      uncontroverted 

Rem.     See  contra  among  the  illustrations  under  Sec.  52  and  note 
the  difference  in  formation. 

Outlines  for  Practice. 


Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  contagfious    conveyance    condone    consult    compulsory    conversation 

convex 

2.  conscious     compound     compensation     complaisance     concentration 

confession     confusion 

3.  compassionate  commence  comparison  compel  compile  compunction 

conquest 

4.  accomplice  incumber  discommode  irreconcilable  reconvey  miscomfit 

5.  preconstitute    nonconformity  precompose  subcommittee  disconcert 

undisconcertcd  subconscious 

6.  circumvent   decompound    intercomparison    preconceive    recondem- 

nation  encompass  [countermand  contributor 

7.  will  commence,    a  compendium,    some  comparison,    counterbalance 


60  Beers  Shorth/^nd 

Sec.    58.      Ala^na-e-i  is  indicated  hy  Ma,  ihus: 

magnify  mag-nitude  magnet 


magnificent 


Sec.  59.  The  Syllable  Ex. — The  usual  method  of 
indicating  ex  is  by  Ks  but  when  followed  by  a  compound,  as 
in  explain,  extreme,  the  K  is  usually  omitted.  Extra-e-i-u  and 
^;c/^r  are  indicated  by  J 77^  (blend)  to  distinguish  from  stereo 
given  in  a  following  section. 

Illustrations. 
exceed       exist       exhibit     expulsion      explain     explicit 


extreme  (-ity)         extermination       extradition      extrinsic 

Sec   60.     Positives  and  Negatives. 

There  is  a  large  number  of  positive  words  beginning  with 
L,  M,  N  or  R  whose  negatives  are  formed  by  prefixing  i/, 
im,  in  or  ir,  as,  for  examples,  Ic^al,  illegal;  regular,  irregular. 
Make  the  positive  and  negative  outlines  the  same  except  that 
in  the  negative  outlines,  the  initial  vowel  must  be  written,  thus; 


=-> 


7 


legal,   illegal;   rational,   irrational;   movable,   immovable 

Rem.  1.  When  im  or  em  is  immediately  followed  by  P  or  B,  as 
in  imperishable,  the  Mh-p  sign  is  used. 

Rem.  2.  When  im  is  followed  by  PI  or  Pr,  as  in  implant,  impla- 
cable, improper,  the  syllable  im  is  indicated  by  the  vowel  /.  In  a  like 
situation  in  is  indicated  in  the  same  manner,  as  in  inbred. 


Beers  Shorthand. 


61 


Sec.    61.      Enter,   inter,   hitra-e-i-o-u,    under. 

1.  Enter  and  inter  are  indicated  by  the  A^7-blend. 
When  the  angle  would  be  inconvenient  the  full  outline  is  writ- 
ten, as  in  enterprise,  below. 

2.  Intra-e-i-o-u  should  be  indicated  by  N-Tr. 

3.  Under  is  indicated  by  blended  ND,  lengthened. 


Illustrations. 


^^ 


intercede    enterprise    interlinear    intermission   interment 
intrench       introduce        intromit        intrude       underbid 


Sec.    62.      Ant,   ent,  int,  end,  ind,  und. 

Tn  such  words  as  antique,  entomb,  indigo,  the  blended  form 
for  ni  or  nd  is  used  regardless  of  the  fact  that  the  T  or  D  is 
not  in  the  A^-syllable,  thus : 

^--  .^^  /^  .^  ^ 

entomb         indigo      antedate        undaunted      endways 

Sec.    63.      Ans,  ens,   ins,   uns.       •V^ 

Either  of  these  combinations,  when  followed  by  7/-,  Dr, 
Pr,  Br,  Kr  or  Gr,  is  indicated  by  a  small  hook  turned  in  such 
direction  as  to  cause  the  circle  to  be  formed  with  the  reverse 
motion,  thereby  indicating  the  inclusion  of  R,  thus: 

unstrung       unscrupulous       instrument        insubordinate 


62 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Outlines  for  Practice. 


Key  to  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  magnetism  magnetic  magnesia  exasperation  excel  excite  excitement 

2.  exclaim  expel  expedite  exempt   export   exportation    exterior   extract 

3.  extraneous    introspection    implicit    implication    imprecation    liberal 
_  illiberal  legitimate  [intnide  intrusive 

4.  illegitimate  intercept  interchange  interest  interior  interlace  intermix 

5.  interval    intervei.tion   intersection    Indian    indict    indigent    entwist 

entreaty  underhand 


Z 


Eighth  List  of  Word-Signs 

altogether 

become 

circulate -d,  circular 

tj^gnate-d-ion 


develop-ed-ment 
dignity,  dignify-ied 
discover-ed-y 

/^     especial-ly 

)        essential-ly 
J_ figure 


^         judge 

(       knowledge 
■     ^    manipulate-d 
^--^  moderate 
- — ^     nothing 

<:_     occur-red 
-^ ,  relative 

'7     represcnt-ed 

/     respect-ed 
<i_^     sometime 


Beers  Shorthand.  63 

Reading  Exercise. 


L 


I  r  -^  J 


/ 


.-^    ,^    /. 


-^ 


.^ 


r 


^  r 


(o 


^  ~^    (^ 


'2- 


7 


-"^  Lj> 


/ 


^^ 


Y 


A. — ta .     V      J 


:?    ,-^    ^ 


NINTH  LESSON. 

Prefixes — Concluded. 

Sec.    64.      Astra-i-o,  juris,   multi,  post,   trans. 

Omit  R  from  astra-i-o  and  juris \   omit    T   from   multi 
and  post;   omit  A^  from  trans. 

Illustrations. 
astragal     astriction   astrometer     jurisdiction     multitude 

transmit  [transmute]       transgress     postman     postscript 


Sec.    65.      Centa-e-i,   sente-i,   stereo,    retra-e-i-o,    restr. 

1.  Centa,  etc. — Indicate  these  by  jA^r-blend. 

2.  Stereo  is  indicated  by  j7V-compound.     (See  Sec.  59.  ) 

3.  Retra-c-i-o  is  expressed  as  in  the  examples  given  below. 

4.  Restr-  and  restor  are  indicated  as  shown  in  the  follow- 
ing examples: 

centage      centennial        centuple      centric    stereoscopy 


-^ 


^ 


retrogression    retract   retribution    restriction    restoration 
Rem.   Observe  that  when  the  T  in  sent,  etc. ,  is  follow  ed  by  R,  as 
in  sentry,  centric,  it  is  better  to  write  sN-Tr. 

Prefixes,  copyright,  1908  by  J.  W.  Beers.  64 


Beers  Shorthand.  65 

Sec.    66.      Subter,   super,   supre,  preter. 

1.  Subter  is  indicated  hy  sBr.  2.  Super  and  supre  by 
sPr.      3.    /*r^/^r  is  expressed  by /V-7>. 

Illustrations. 

subterranean        supernal        supreme  (-acy)        pretermit 

Sec.    67.      Hydro,    hyper,    hypo,    intel,   indul. 

AH  the  above  are  indicated  by  their  regular  consonant 
signs,  thus: 

hyposulphite      hypostatic       hypercritic      hypochondriac 

-^Z    -^    ^^     -^       ^ 

intelligence    indulgent    indolent    hydropathy    hypostasis 

Sec    68.      An,   en,   in,   on,   un. 

When  either  of  these  syllables  begins  a  word  that  does 
not  come  under  one  of  the  classes  described  in  Sees.  61,  62 
and  63,  (q.  v.)  stroke-A'^  is  used,  but  in  all  infrequent  words 
and  in  all  cases  likely  to  otherwise  conflict,  ths  vowel  in  on 
and  un  must  be  written. 

Illustrations. 

-^  -7  ^   r.    ^ — .    -^   ^ 

unfair  enrich  answer  injustice  uncommon  enslave  unseen 

Sec.  69.  Pra-e-i-o  Prefixed  to /^  and  V. — Either  of 
these  syllables,   when  no  vowel  comes  between  P  and  R,   is 


66  Beers  Shorthand. 

prefixed  to  the  F-  and  F-strokes  by  a  large  initial  hook,  thus: 

profile     prevail     private     depravity     professor    prevent 

Sec.  70.  Self,  selves. — F\%  omitted  from  seif,  either  as 
a  prefix  or  when  it  is  a  termination  (affix).  Selves  is  formed 
by  adding:  the  5-circle,  thus; 

selfish      [unselfish]      self-conceit      yourself   [man's  self] 

Sec.    71.      Word-Signs  Used  as  Prefixes. 

The  word-signs  iov  all,  for,  there,  with,  etc.,  indicate  like 
syllables  at  the  beginning  of  other  words,  thus: 

forsake  forth  forget  although  always    almost    afterward 


already  thereto  therein  otherwise  into  anything  [nothing] 

v-^-^  "-1.  ^   L  z^  ^  ^ 

anywhere    anyway   [no  way]    without    withstand  within 

withdraw  wherewithal  whereat  wherein  whereon  whilst 
Rem.     The  word-sign  for  ivell  cannot  be  used  as  a  prefix. 

See.   72.     Other  Prefix  Syllables. 

There  are  many  other  prefix  syllables  of  very  frequent 
use  but  as  their  outlines  are  all  formed  according  to  general 
principles  the  student  will  require  no  special  instructions  con- 


Beers  Shorthand.  67 

cerning  any  of  them.      Practice  the  following  list: 


abbreviate  alimony    assertion       assume     apprehend       arson 

<~^^   ^-3  A  X^  I — ^       \^ 

arrest  arise  ambition  impassionate  amplitude  ampere 
[empower]  ambassador  empire  ample  automobile  autumn 
balcony  ballot  [bullet]  belfry  billow  bulk  benediction  beneath 


deduct     deduce     detonation     determine    detention     decline 
declaim     derive     derange     defame     deviate     divide     divest 


--2^       ^^-        /^-^        .-^^         ^-^ 

dentist  discourage  dispel  display  decrepid  disclose  dissipate 
discuss    defy  diffident   defer    defeat  elegant  election  ellipse 

elocution  elbow  elder  epitaph  episcopal  elephant  ferment 
philosophy  fulmination  foolish  farther  folly  farmer  fellow 
garner    galley    agility    harvest    haggard    hallowed  mandamus 


68  Beers  Shorthand. 

mendacious    [mental-ly]    nonappearance     nonsuit     octopus 

octoic  overcome  overcame     overreach     overhaul  outfit 

L^         /^--v-^/        /-^  l—^  Z 5  Z— ^ 

outdo  palliate  palliation     pollution    compulsion     compilation 

pulley  police  palace  policy  pilfer  purchase  portion    apportion 
pursue  peruse  powers  porous  peers    parody  period   per  cent 

^      J        I       /     —  -^    ^ 

present   purpose    propose    prepays    rascal      reside    receive 
subsist    supply     cistern     suspense       syntax     ship      shipmate 

^       a.     ri.'    rr    ^   -^ 

shipper      shipboard    telephone      tillage         tartar         tighter 
valley  vojley  vacation  vocation  avocation    eviction  vaccinate 

water-way     waterfall    welfare     well-spoken       well-informed 
Additional  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1  >^    ^^  L^  j^    ---z.  — -- 

1     ^        .-^        P7       ^^  <:^-^      <^(^      ^^ 


Beers  Shorthand. 


69 


Key  to  the  Above  Outlines. 

1.  astringent  astride  jurisconsult  jurisdictional    multiplication    multiply 

multitudinous  [transparent  transport  transom 

2.  transform-ed  transfer  (-red-ence)  transcript    transcendant  translation 

3.  postpone    postage     [passage]      posthaste    centesimal    centralization 

sentiment  sentence  [retrieve 

4.  stereopticon    stereoscopist     retranslate     retractor     retreat     retrench 

5.  retroflex  restrain  restrained  restraint  superfluous  superior  superlative 

superfine  [unfit  unpaid 

6.  superinducement  preterperfect  preternatural    indulgence    intelligible 

Ninth  List  of  Word-Signs. 


~y       capable 
/  conspiciious-ly 

_^^      deserve-d 

^^      difficult-y 
^.3—^      enormous-ly 
~f      expect-ed 
J      favor-able 
financial-ly 
govern-ed-ment 
illustrate-d 


lan(jua<^e 
moral-ly 
ordinary-ily 


Z repugnant 

repugnance 
9     require-d-ment 


reserve-d 

somewhat 

uniform-ly-ity 

universe-al 

when 


\ 


70  Beers  Shorthand. 

Reading  Exercise. 


2y 


>^->— 6   •       ^        c^^ 


J 


/.^ 


r7 


"^ 


TENTH  LESSON. 

Terminations. 

Sec.    73.      Ble-y,  pal,' pel,  ful-ly,   bleness. 

When  inconvenient  to  form  the  L-hook,  the  L  may  be 
omitted  from  either  of  the  above,  thus: 

sensible-y  preamble  visible  visibleness    gospel    useful-ly 

Sec.    74.      Jlity,   crity,   il'ity.    Etc. 

1.  Any  termination  similar  to  the  above;  that  is,  L-Ty 
or  R-Ty  with  any  vowel  preceding  or  any  vowel  following 
the  L  or  R,  is  indicated  by  the  first  vowel,  thus: 

accessibility     principality     fatality      futility        minority 

temerity     frugality     majority        posterity  disparity 

2.  When  the  exercise  of  the  preceding  rule  would  pro- 
duce an  outline  of  but  one  stroke,  the  rule  cannot  be  fol- 
lowed.     Write  such  words  in  full,  thus: 

civility         facility         authority  priority  verity 

rarity  parity  nullity  fealty  realty 

Rem.   The  word  minority  forms  an  exception  to  Rule  2,  above. 


Terminations,  Copyright,  1908,  by  J.  W.  Beers.  71 


72  Beers  Shorthand. 

Sec.   75.     The  Ing  Endings. 

When  inconvenient  to  write  the  A^-stroke,  write  a  vowel 
sign  in  any  direction  but  always  at. an  angle  with  the  preced- 
ing part  of  the  outline.  Write  Ngi  for  ingly;  Ngu  for  tngtai; 
Ngs  for  ings,  thus : 

^       ^      ^     ^      -^  ---^ 

meeting  fitting    passing     doings     lovingly     Lexington . 
Rem.   If  preferred, ///^ may  be  indicated  by  a  dot,  thus:   ^^    doing. 

Sec   76.     Ing  Implied. 

Writing  a  following  outline  very  close  to  a  preceding 
outline  signifies  that  the  sign  for  ing  has  been  omitted  and 
that  the  syllable  must  be  supplied  when  reading,  thus: 

^-     ^.    A^     ^      d      J^ 

doing  a-n-d,  making  the,  having  some,    fitting,      fittings  fittingly 

Sec.   77.      Graph-er-ic,  Etc. 

Graph  is  indicated  by  Gr,  Add  //  for  graplier.  For  other 
endings,  add  to  the  outline  whatever  is  added  to  the  word,  thus ; 

photograph     photographer     photographic     photography 

paragraphist     biographical     biography        lexicographer 
Sec.   78.     Akgy,  ology.  Etc 

Jlogy  and  ology  are  indicated  by  oJ.  For  derivatives,  add 
to  the  outline  whatever  is  added  to  the  word,  omitting  al-/y 
from  the  ending  ogical-ly,  thus: 

chronology  chronologic-al-ly  chronologist   chronologer 


Beers  Shorthand. 


73 


Sec.    79.    Centric-al,   centricity. 
These  terminations  are  indicated  as  in  the  following  line ; 


eccentric       eccentrical         paracentric         eccentricity 
Sec.    80.      Ocrat~ic,   ocracy,   Etc. 

Write  oK  for  ocracy,  Kr  for  ocrat-ic  and  for  other  deriv- 
atives, add  to  the  outline  whatever  is  added  to  the  word,  thus: 


dcmocrat-ic  democratical  democracy  democratism  democratist 

Sec.    81.       Ure,   ular,   utative,    tial,    Etc. 

1.  When  ure  is  preceded  by  T  or  sT  it  is  better  to  in- 
dicate it  by  the  7'^ -blend.  In  other  cases  the  z/-vowel  indi- 
cates ure.      For  ural-ly  add  L  or  Li. 

2.  In  all  such  endings  as  ulate-d,  ulation,  etc.,  the  }' 
is  omitted. 

Illustrations. 


moisture  venture  verdure  demure  endure  failure  graduate 

modulate    speculate    speculation    speculator    speculative 

Sec.    82.       Ten,    Utn,   den,   dcrn. 
Final  A^  is  added  to  Tor  Z)  by  a  small  hook;   final  M 


by  a  large  hook,  thus: 


^ 


^J> 


> 


written     laden       seldom     item       diadem         broaden 


74  Beers  Shorthand. 

Sec.    83.      Av,  cy,  ty,  al-ly. 

Final  Y  (/-short)  is,  usually,  almost  as  readily  written  as 
omitted  and  provides  a  difference  of  outline  in  many  cases. 

For  sy  and  zy  the  vowel  is  never  written  as  the  use  of 
the  stroke  form  signifies  the  presence  of  a  final  vowel.  (See 
Sec.  18,  ^  and  r. ) 

When  inconvenient  to  join  L-i,  a  short  straight  tick 
struck  at  an  angle  from  the  end  of  the  preceding  part  of  the 
outline  indicates  that  ly  or  al-ly  follows,  thus: 

fun     funny     mud     easy     fussy     silently  sentimental-ly 

Sec.  84.  The-ly. — The  /  in  tively  is  usually  omitted 
and,  when  preceded  by  K,  the  /  is  omitted,  thus: 

y     ■^     -^      T     ^ 

active-ly    positive-ly    defective-ly    assertive-ly     activity 
Sec.    85.      Ship,    ward,   ciatton,   ciate-d. 

Sh  indicates  ship,  JVd  indicates  ivard,  Shshn  represents 
ciation  and  the  T-loop  is  added  to  Sh  to  form  the  termination 
ciate-d,  thus: 

W  l^  --^  r^"  rf 

worship     backward      onward     association     associate-d 
Sec.    86.      Ainder,   enter,  ender.   Etc. 

When  either  of  these  endings  is  preceded  by  M,  indicate 
it  as  in  the  examples  below.  Otherwise  write  a  lengthened 
A^r-blend,  thus: 

remainder  tormentor  sprinter    renter    fender      sender 


Beers  Shorthand.  75 

Sec.    87.      Ttveness,  lessness,  sameness,  fulness^  ciousness,  siveness. 
Omit    the    n    in    each    of   these    terminations,    thus: 

A      y      ^^-^        ^ 

baselessness     activeness      fulsomeness         cheerfulness 


> 


lusciousness     pensiveness     graciousness       [graciously] 

Sec.    88.      Ment,  lent,  gent,  vent. 

Except  gent,  the  above  endings  are  formed  by  lengthen- 
ing and  adding  the  loop.  Gent  could  be  written  in  a  similar 
way  but  in  this  connection  the  blended  form  makes  a  more 
facile  and  lineal  outline. 

Illustrations. 

sentiment  convent  prevent    excellent  stringent      tangent 
Sec.    89.      Fer,  ferred,  ference. 

Each  of  these  terminations  is  indicated  by  F-R  in  all 
outlines  of  frequent  occurrence,  thus; 

prefer-red-en'ce  defer-red-ence  refer-red-ence  confer-red-ence 

Sec.    90.      Point-ed-ment,  pond-ed-ent-ency. 

In  the  outlines  of  all  common  words,  the  first  is  indicated 
by  P-NT;  the  second  by  P-ND,  thus : 

appoint-ed-ment      correspond-ed-ent     despond-ent-ency-ent 


76  Blers  Shorthand. 

Sec.    91.      Tory,   tory,   dary.    Etc. 

For  all  such  endings  the  blended  form  is  used  for  TR  or 
DK  as  those  forms  indicate  the  presence  of  medial  vowels  a:id 
the  compound  (hooked)  forms  indicate  the  absence  of  inter- 
vening vowels.  The  loop  and  hook  indicates  a  medial  vow- 
el and  also  determines  that  no  final  vowel  follows,  thus ; 


% 


J 


predatory     inventory      dromedary    sundry  fetter  sentry 

Sec.  92.     Other  Endings. 

None  of  the  following  require  any  special  treatment  and 

no  more   abbreviating,    as  the  outlines  are  sufficiently  brief 

from  applying  the  general  principles  previously  given.       It   s 

thought  best  not  to  give  an  extended  list. 


sagacity     pomposity     veracity   capacity    energetic     pedantic 


parenthetical 


hypnotic       fanatical 


symbolical 


manhood     falsehood 


political 

fiscal      physical     pedestal  humidity 

^ — .   cJ-^      2^      ^        ^^        ^^ 

musical      validity      profanity      rigidity       cupidity       furious 

victorious       syllogism       prismatic        paregoric  manager 

delirium        medium        symposium      colosseum  symptom 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Outlines  for  Practice. 


KhY  TO  Outlines  for  Practice. 

1.  fanciful    divisible    amiable     variable     reasonableness    hountifulness 

comprehensibleness     lovableness  [reliability  brutality  legality 

2.  incontestability     compatibility      ability     plausibility     responsibility 

3.  principality  illegality  dexterity  versatility  disability  polarity  disparity 

vulgarity  [knowing    objecting 

4.  jocularity    neutrality    rascality     plurality    finality     infidelity     agility 

5.  posing  asking  sinning  lending  experimenting  tormenting    'coming  in 

making  good'  [monograph  telegraph  geography 

6.  geology    tautology    penology    geologic-al-ly    geologist    paragraph 

7.  lexicographer  geographical  theocrat  theocracy  aristocrat  aristocracy 

aristocratical 

8.  indenture    sculpture    premature    shorten    burden    hidden  ardentlv 

9.  executive    appreciation    associate-d    kinder   fonder    printer    planter 

finder  dissenter  [enchant  ornament  puneent 

10.  cumbersomeness  artlessness  extensiveness  boastfulness  disdainfulness 


78 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Tenth  List  of  Word-Signs. 


-v 


7 
/ 

2^ 


^^ 


accept-ance 

accurate 

achieve-d-ment 

ambiguous 

ambiguity 
arrange-d-ment 

authentic-icity 

beyond 

chapter 

confidential-ly 

continue-al-ally 

court 

deficient 
deficiency 

diminish-ed 

distinguish-ed 

endure-d-ance 

establish-ed-ment 

familiar-ity 

gain 

gentleman 

gentlemen 


iiiL'ludtf  d 

indignant-ly 

indignity 
integrity 

member 

memoranda 

memorandum 

memory 

method-ical 

miscellaneous 

newspaper 

notwithstanding 

peculiar-ity 

railroad 

railway 

rather 

regard-ed 

secure-ity 

signature 

simultaneous 

synonymous 


>  -r 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 


79 


L 


/    >- 


^  7   ^^ 


>^    -r-^. 


"^ 


cr— t^ 


/^  S^ 


^ 


/ 


i?    <^_j. 
;   ^ 


.  "^    /^ 


ELEVENTH  LESSON. 

Omission  of  Consoxants. 

In  the  ordinary  enunciation  of  many  persons,  some  con- 
sonants are  but  slightly  sounded  and  others  are  altogether 
lost,  yet  the  listener  has  no  difficulty  in  understanding  what 
is  meant. 

If  words  thus  incompletely  spoken  are  understandable, 
so,  also,  are  words  recognizable  that  are  as  incompletely 
vvritten. 

But  there  is  a  limit  beyond  which  it  is  not  sate  to  go. 
Never  drop  consonants  or  whole  terminations  unless  you  do 
so  by  rule  or  analogically.  Practice  words  before  you  attempt 
to  fill  a  position,  for  then  you  can  read  the  outlines,  and  short- 
hand is  ivorthless  if  you  can  not  read  it.  It  had  better  not 
be  written  at  all.  Indiscriminate  dropping  of  consonants 
and  the  terminations  of  long  words'  will  surely  result  dis- 
astrously to  you  when  you  come  to  read  your  writing.  It 
may  be  a  favorite — an  easy  way  to  shorten  outlines — but  it 
never  will  be  an  aid  to  legibility,  but  always  a  hindrance. 
Do  not  think  that  because  a  portion  of  the  outline  is  sug- 
gestive of  the  whole  word,  ichen  you  knoiv  ichat  the  uord 
is,  that  it  will  be  equally  suggestive  when  you  do  not  knoiv 
what  word  is  meant,  unless,  of  course,  you  have  learned  the 
outline  as  a  word-sign. 

When  3'ou  have  learned  that  Mb-G  is  the  outline  for 
80 


Beers  Shorthand.  81 

ambiguous,  you  would  not  read  it  for  humbug.  If  you  had 
not  learned  it  as  a  word-sign,  and,  in  the  effort  to  keep  up 
with  the  speaker,  you  dropped  the  termination,  when  j'ou 
attempted  to  read  the  outline,  you  would  be  more  likely  to 
call  it  humbug  than  you  would  to  call  it  ambiguous.  Then, 
again,  take  the  word  government.  Suppose,  in  the  stress  of 
rapid  work,  you  dropped  the  termination  and  wrote  G-V, 
How  could  you  tell,,  when  you  were  transcribing,  that  you 
had  not  dropped  the  termination  of  governor F  You  could 
not  tell.     No  one  could. 

If  you  jnust  use  many  word-signs,  learn  them  before  at- 
tempting to  use  them.  The  system  that  gives  but  a  short 
list  of  word-signs  in  its  text-books,  and,  in  its  reading  plates, 
cuts  ofiE  the  terminations  of  nearly  all  long  words,  is  a  much 
harder  system  to  read  than  one  that  gives  many  word-signs 
in  its  list — even  to  that  much-talked-of  eight  thousand  list. 
In  the  latter  case  you  are  expecting  to  meet  word-signs  in 
every  other  outline  and  are  prepared  for  them.  In  the  former 
case  you  are  not  looking  for  them  and  therein  lies  the  danger. 

Sec.     93.      Consonants  that  May  be  Omitted. 

1.  P  is  omitted  when  preceded  by  sKr  and  is  lollowcd 
by  shun,  as  in  prescription. 

2.  T  is  frequently  emitted  when  preceded  by  the  ^-cir- 
cle  and  is  followed  by  another  consonant,  as  in  mostly. 

3.  //,  medial,  may  often  be  omitted,  as  in  manhood, 
behoove.     Initial  H  is  also  sometimes  omitted. 

4.  N  may  occasionally  be  omitted  in  such  words  as 
tenement. 

5.  y  in  ion,  as  in  million,  is  omitted. 

6.  R  mav  be  omitted  in  that  class  of  words  in  which 


82  Beers  Shorthand. 

it  is  but  indistinctly  pronounced  by  many  persons,  as  in  churn, 
word,  absurd,  journal. 

7.  D  is  omitted  from  the  prefix  ad,  when  immediately 
followed  by  M,  V  or  J,  as  in  admonish,  advance,  adjust. 

8.  Final  t  and  ted  are  frequently  omitted  when  imme- 
diately preceded  by  K,  as  in  effect-ed,  restrict-ed. 

9.  P  is  usually  omitted  when  immediately  preceded  by 
M,  as  in  exemption,  attempt,  redemption. 

10.  Y  is  omitted  from  the  termination  ient,  as  in  conven- 
ient.      Indicate  this  ending  by  the  A^T-blend. 

11.  ^  is  omitted  from  the  combination  skr  when  it  is 
not  convenient  to  indicate  it  in  the  middle  of  an  outline  as  in 
discriminate,  prescription. 

12.  K,  when  preceded  by  A^,  as  in  sanction,  function, 
crank,  drink,  is  omitted. 

13.  Omit  G  from  Gl  when  preceded  by  Ng  as  in  tan- 
gle, wrangle.  K,  in  a  like  situation,  as  in  tinkle,  wrinkle,  must 
be  written. 

14.  Tial-ly  or  cial-ly  is  frequently  shortened  to  Sha 
and,  when  preceded  by  den,  ten  or  tan,  as  in  prudential,  cir- 
cumstantial, the  Sha  is  omitted. 

15.  The  tn^xn^  spect-ed,  as  in  respect-ed,  is,  in  nearly  all 
cases,  indicated  by  sP. 

16.  B  is  usually  omitted  from  scribe-d,  as  in  subscribe-d. 

17.  Generally,  any  consonant,  the  writing  of  which  ij 
not  essential  to  the  correct  reading  of  the  notes,  may  be  omitted 
as  h  in  objurgation,  k  in  refraction,  the  second  c  {,k)  \w  accustom, 
acclimated,  etc.  In  many  cases  the  outline  indicating  a  verb  in 
the  present  tense  may  also  indicate  the  past  tense  outline. 

The  Omission  of  Consonants  Illustrated. 
prescription     investigation       mostly       vastly      behoove 


Beers  Shorthand. 


tenement      arraignment      churn 
? 


absurd 


83 
admonish 


restrict-ed 


discredit 


correct      effect-ed      reflect-ed 

^.     ■      ^ 

proscription  convenient-ly  redemption 
sanction  shrink  function  wrangle 
junction        atonement      tinkle  tangle 

>  >  i- 

spank       providential-ly      substantial-ly      confidential-ly 
Eleventh  List  of  Word-Signs. 


J 


c 


o 
^ 


affect-ed 

berievolent-ce 

celestial 

church 

disreputable 

during 

endorse-ment 

extemporary 

extemporaneous 

identify-ied 

identificaticn 


-^ 


7 


misfortune 

morning 

nobody 

obscure-ity 

pecuniary-ily 

philanthropy-ic 

respectable-y-ility 

reverend-ence 

subscribe-d 

subsequent-ly 

subserve-ient 


84 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 


,   -X. 


-/ 


J^    ^C^l 


"^ 


.   ^   ^^  /  ^  ^-^  -^  ^  ^  -^ 


-er^ 


TWELFTH  LESSON. 

VoWfLIZING. 

0 

Sec.  94.  Meaning. — To  vowelize  an  outline  is  to 
write  the  SIGNS  that  indicate  the  vowel  SOUNDS. 

Sec.  95.  It  has  been  deemed  best  to  reserve  the  final 
instructions  on  vowelizing  until  now^,  for  the  reason  that  the 
student  will  be  better  able  to  understand  the  subject  after  hav- 
ing thoroughly  learned  the  general  principles  of  the  system 
and  practiced  all  the  outlines  previously  given. 

Sec.   96.     Words  of  One  Syllable. 

This  class  of  words  requires  more  vowelizing  than  any 
other.      The  following  rules  should  be  taken  as  a  guide: 

Rule  1.  Words  containing  but  one  consonant  and  one 
vowel,  the  vowel  is  usually  written,  thus: 

ode      odd      tie      rye      ray       oak      off     die      fee 

Rule  2.  Words  contatning  two  consonants,  the  vowel, 
if  long,  is  written;  if  shorty  usually  omitted,  thus: 

bill      bail        pass     pause     ship     sheep     does      dose 

Rule  3.  Words  having  three  or  more  consonants,  the 
vowels  are  omitted  with  more  freedom,  thus: 

freak        groan  blame  plain       start        flame 

85 


86  Beers  Shorthand. 

The  exceptions  are — 

To  Rule  1.  Word-signs,  as 

go  do  are  no  may  up         they 

To  Rule  2.  A  short  vowel  inserted  for  convenience,  thus : 

life  wood  tick          wrong         dig         shack 

To  Rule  3.  (a)  A  vowel  inserted  for  convenience,  thus: 

shrink         steal         style  drill         trick         drug 

(^)  Inserted  for  the  sake  of  distinction,  in  which  case 
the  vowel  is  inserted  in  the  infrequenily  used  word  and  omit- 
ted from  those  of  more  frequent  use,  thus: 

pest         post  clock        collect        best  boast 

Sec.   97.     Words  of  Two  Syllables. 

Rule  1.      Words  of  two  syllables  and  but  one    conso- 
nant, two  vowels  should  be  written,  thus: 

alley         echo  era  eddy  payee         idea 

Rem.  If  the  speaker  is  constantly  using  any  word  of  this  class,  but  one 
vowel  need  be  written,  thus:      <-■ — %  alley,   y'y^  idea. 

Rule  2.  Two-syllable  words  having  two  consonants, 
one  vowel  should  be  written,  especially  if  there  is  an  initial 
vowel,  thus: 

body     pity     beauty     elate     ruddy      canoe       renew 


Beers  Shorthand.  87 

Rule  3.  Words  of  two  syllables  and  having  three  or 
more  consonants,  the  vowels  are  generally  omitted,  thus: 

matter     voter      message      torment     rudder     flatter 

The  exceptions  are — 

To  Rule  2.    {,a)  Word-signs,  thus: 

_      __     _.       7      ^^        ^ 

agree        again  alone.       ever-y        fuU-y        offer 

(^)   Frequently  used  words,  as 

>^_  ^  /-.         .^^       7 

affair  enough  power  ready         envy 

To  Rule  3.    {a)   Inserted  for  purpose  of  distinction,  as 

accuse     [cause]      miller        molar     sparing   sparring 
(^)  Inserted  for  convenience,  thus: 

railing         barracks  asking        decayed         gritty 

(<:)  An  initial  or  final,  accented  vowel,  is  usually  writ- 
ten, as 

A      /^     ^^-^      ~^      ^ 

bestow         betray        destroy  employ       parquet 

Sec.  98.     Words  of  Three  or  More  Syllables. 

In  this  class  of  words  the  insertion  of  a  vowel  in  the  out- 
line is  an  exception.  When  written,  it  is  done  for  one  of 
the  following  reasons: 


88  Beers  Shorthand, 

(a)  For  making  a  difference  in  outlines  for  words  hav- 
ing similar  consonants,  as 

<r-^_--^_  /- >/ — .  /V^       J^ 

illegal      legal  violin  villain      voracious  avaricious 

(^)   For  securing  a  more  facile  outline,  thus. 

extract-ed      sycamore    dexterity    talented  perimeter 

Sec.   99.     Unusual  Words. 

Words  seldom  heard  or  a  common  word  used  in  a  pe- 
culiar connection  should  be  well  vowelized.  If  the  word  is 
one  you  have  never  before  heard,  vowe/ize  It  fully. 

Illustrations. 

parse      fuse      kickshaw        hexad       lamina      farina 

Sec.   100.     Concurrent  Vowels. 

When  any  two  vowels  come  together  they  are  joined  as 
are  any  other  two  signs.  However,  the  short  vowels  are 
usually  omitted,  thus: 

duel       Messiah       fiat       pious       cameo       thawing 

Sec.   101.     Disjoined  Vowels. 

Occasionally  it  is  desirable  to  detach  a  vowel  sign.  In 
such  cases  observe  the  following  rules: 

1.      If  the  vowel  is  one  indicated  by  the  diacritical 
mark  placed  ABOVE  the  elliptical  sign  (/  in  it,  e  in  eaty 


Beers  Shorthand.  89 

0  in  /./  or  a  in  all)   simply  write  the  unmarkea  vowel 
sijjn,  thus: 

niche  teach  loll 

2.      If  it  is  either  of  the  remaining  vowel  sounds, 
wriie  the  diacritical  mark,  thus : 


roll  fuel  match       Madge      maim 

At  first  thought  it  may  appear  that  this  provision  would 
result  in  confusion,  but  it  can  not.  If  it  is  inconvenient  to  join 
a  reverse-motion  vowel  it  is  easy  to  connect  a  regular-motion 
vowel  and  vice  versa.  Consequently,  when  one  of  the  dia- 
critical marks  is  used  it  indicates,  when  reading,  the  sign  that 
would  be  difficult  to  join  in  that  particular  combination  for  the 
detached  sign  is  never  used  when  the  vowel  sign  can  be  read- 
ily joined. 

Compare  the  following  outlines: 

file        fuel  beer     bower        roll         reel 

^       ,^  ._^      .__.       /^     A 

Dutch      ditch  nine         noon       bishop  bush 

Sec.   102.  Special  Vowelization. 

Occasionally  a  more  facile  outline  is  secured  by  an  arbi- 
trary use  of  the  hook  on  initial  M  and  A^  by  striking  a  tick 
across  the  stem  to  indicate  a  compound  with  a  vowel  inter- 
vening. This  expedient  may  be  applied  to  any  of  the  com- 
pounds if  a  more  facile  outline  will  result  by  its  use,  thus; 


Norseman 


90 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 


C     ~      '^       c 

,o      (^        /        ^ 


-  o 


I. 


J 


u  ?.. 


A_. 


/^ 


/ 


^ 


°\ 


L_ 


^  -.  ^  ^    2.  ^  ^    ^.  -  .^  . 

^.  ^  /  -  ^  . . — ^  __^    -^ 


THIRTEENTH  LESSON. 


Analogy. 

Sec.  103.  By  analogy,  in  shorthand,  is  meant  the  rep- 
resentation of  similar  combinations  of  sounds  by  similar  com- 
binations of  signs. 

Such  a  method  is  advisable,  not  only  because  it  renders 
the  learning  of  the  subject  less  difficult,  but  it  also  makes  the 
reading  of  shorthand  outlines  much  easier. 

As  illustrating  the  analogical  principle,  take  the  word 
form^  indicated  by  F.  If  inform  were  indicated;.by  in-F-R~M ; 
reform^  by  R-F-M;  formation,  by  F-o-M-shn;  they  would 
NOT  be  represented  by  analogical  outlines.  But,  as  inform 
is  indicated  by  in-F;  r-eform,  by  re-F;  formation,  by  F-shn,  the 
outlines  are  analogical  for  the  reason  that,  in  each  outline,  the 
primitive  word,  form,  is  indicated  by  the  same  sign  and  other 
signs  are  added  to  indicate  the  added  syllables. 

Sec.  104.  There  are  some  instances  where  it  is  not  ad- 
visable, or  where  it  is  inconvenient  to  write  analogically,  but, 
except  with  some  of  the  word-signs,  such  instances  are  rare. 

Sec.  105.  Some  analogical  illustrations  have  been  pre- 
viously given,  as  in  the  case  of  several  of  the  outlines  given 
to  illustrate  terminations.  Many  others  are  to  be  found  in 
different  portions  of  this  book. 

Jn  the  many  compound  words  the  principle  of  the  ana- 
logical formation  of  outlines  should  be  followed  almost  uni- 
versally. 

91 


92  Beers  Shorthand. 

Sec.  106.  The  whole  matter  of  writing  by  analogy 
can  be  reduced  to  the  following 

Rule:  In  all  classes  of  words,  the  same  combination 
of  sounds  are  written,  so  far  as  possible,  in  the  same  man- 
ner. 

This  rule  should  not  only  be  applied  to  words,  but  also 
to  syllables,  and,  whether  a  given  syllable  is  written  with 
one  or  more  strokes,  the  same  syllable  should,  unless  It  is 
very  Inconvenient  so  to  do,  be  at  all  times  written  In  the 
same  way;  thus,  for  Instance,  we  write  Gr,  as  In  gracious, 
with  the  compound  sign,  but  in  garnish,  where  there  is  a 
long  Intervening  vowel,  we  write  G-R,  and.  In  all  words 
where  either  Gr  or  Gar  begins  the  word,  the  beginning 
should  be  similarly  indicated,  following  the  same  principle  in 
the  compounds,  ungracious,  graciousness,  ungarnished,  gar- 
nishment, etc. 

Sec.  107.  The  principle  of  analogy,  carried  to  the  ex- 
treme, would  also  require*  that  each  syllable  sliould  be  ex- 
pressed by  one  or  more  strokes,  but,  in  words  of  more  than 
two  syllables  this  is  not  necessar}^  and  especially  is  this  true 
with  words,  some  of  whose  syllables  are  merely  a  short  vowel, 
as  in  ev  i  dent,  an  al  o  gy,  un  i  form. 

Neither  is  It  necessary  to  go  to  such  an  extreme  In  many 
words  of  only  two  syllables  each,  where  the  outline  could 
net  be  mistaken  for  a  word  of  but  one  syllable.  This  is 
especially  true  in  outlines  in  which  the  ss  circle  occurs 
and  where  the  loop  is  used  to  add  ed,  or  the  r-hook  Is  added 
to  a  loop,  as  in  cases,  basis,  misses,  rated,  petted,  better,  mut- 
ter, etc. 

Sec.   108.     A  study  of  the  special  signs  for  prefixes  and 


Bkers  Shorthand. 


93 


terminations  will  show  this  law  of  analogy  running  through 
the  entire  series.  We  write  all  words  beginning  with  con  or 
com  or  in  which  con  or  com  occurs  as  a  medial  syllable,  in  a 
similar  way.  The  ility,  ality,  erity,  et  cetera,  terminations  are 
formed  in  an  analogous  manner,  as  are  also  the  olog^y  and  the 
graph  endings  and  nearly  all  the  other  prefixes  and  postfixes. 

This  law  was  observed  as  closely  as  possible  in  selecting 
the  various  word-signs. 

Sec.  109.  The  student  must  practice  the  following 
outlines  many  times  for  nothing  aids  speed  so  much  as  the  a- 
bility  to  write  any  combination  of  syllables  without  hesitation. 
There  is  more  time  lost  in  thinking  how  to  write  an  unfamiliar 
word  than  is  required  to  write  the  outline. 

Analogical  Outlinks  Illust^lated. 


I.. 


cAo 


advantage 

J 

form-ed 

advantageous 

J 

formation 

disadvantage 

V 

inforni-ed 

disadvantageous 

•7 

information 

famous 

I 

forming 

infamous 

'Z 

iiiforming 

famously 

7 

reform 

object 

7 

reformation 

objection 

J 

conforin-ed 

objectionable 

^ 

deform-ed 

objective 

^ 

pe:form-eJ 

94 


Beers  Shorthand. 


^ 


^ 


deformity 
transform-ed 
transformation 
uniform-ity 

divide 

divided 

dividend 

divisor 

divisible 

undivided 

develop-ed 

development 
developing 

develops 

developments 
undeveloped 

resist 

resistance 

irresistible 

endure-d 

endures,    endurance 

enduring 

endurable 


7 

7 


r 


7 


r 

T 

-r 


respect-ed 

respectable 
respectability 

respective-Iy 
irrespective-ly 

favor-able 

favorite 

unfavorable 
judge 

judgment 

judging 

arrange-d 

arrangement 
rearrange-d 

rearrangement 
disarrange-d 

disarrangement 

chajige-d 
changes 
changing 
changeable 
exchange-d 
exchanging 
interchange 
interchanging 


Beers  Shorthand. 


95 


L. 

explain 

y 

for 

Zy 

explained 

; 

forgive 

1^ 

explanation 

^ 

forget 

r" 

consider-ed 

o- 

forsake 

^ 

consideration 

j 

forsaken 

r 

considerate 

7> 

forth 

^ 

inconsideration 

expend 

9 

suspect 

~t^ 

expended 

I 

suspecting^ 

-u 

expenditure 

r 

unsuspected 

Z_ 

conspicuous 

- — >-     0- 

relation 

l-^ 

conspicuousness 

— ^ 

relationship 

^ 

inconspicuous 

— 

could  not 

,^^-^ 

hadn't 

^ 

do  not 

r-^ 

shouldn't 

^ 

did  not 

^ 

wouldn't 

^ 

had  not 

^ 

didn't 

c^ 

would  not 

y 

couldn't 

J 

have  not 

ly 

haven't 

^-^ 

will  not 

^- 

don't 

^ 

should  not 

/ 

can't 

L-^2 

[can  not] 

V.^ 

won't 

96 


Beers  Shorthand. 


7 
1 


7 


y 

7  ■ 

Note, 
as  in  unite. 


represent-ed 
represents 
representing 
misrepresent-eJ 
representative 
representation 

perfect 
perfection 
imperfect 
imperfection 

proper 
propriety 

improper 
impropriety 


^/y     appoint-ed 

appointment 
„-^^y       disappoint-ed 

disappointment 
/  reappoint-ed 

^"'^  reappointment 

C_y^        appointing 

^,^^  disappoints 

< —  disappointments 

/        observe-d 


I 


observance 
observer 
observing 
exceed 
exceeded 
exceeds 
exceeding 
exceedingly 


All  words  beginning  with  the  SOVKD  oi  yun, 
the  first  syllable  is  indicated  by  F,  thus: 


V        V 


^   i.    > 


unite  unity  union       unionism 


universe 


reunite       disunite  [utility       utilize       utilization] 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 


97 


cT 


.        / 


o? 


tv-c::^ 


'     c.     ^    r^   J    J  ^ 


/ 


FOURTEENTH  LESSON. 


Advanced  Phrasing  Principles. 

Sec.  110.  A  large  proportion  of  the  phrases  used  by 
any  writer  are  simple  phrases;  that  is,  the  union  of  two  cr 
more  word-outlines  without  change  from  their  original  shape. 

But  there  are  important  methods  of  forming  phrases  by 
which  still  greater  brevity  is  secured  and  the  student  must 
learn  them  thoroughly  so  as  to  be  able  to  apply  them  readily. 

The  examples  given  in  the  following  pages  illustrate  the 
manner  in  which  the  several  principles  are  employed.  They 
are  not  intended  to  show  all  the  phrases  that  may  be  formed 
by  the  application  of  the  outline-shortening  principles,  but 
rather  to  teach  how  any  similar  phrase  may  be  written. 

Sec.    111.      May  be. 
This  phrase  is  indicated  by  the  Af ^-stroke,  thus: 

may  be,  he  may  be,  may  be  said,  as  may  be,  this  may  be,  may  be  said  to  be 

Sec   112.     Vowel-Hook  Phrasing. 

(<?)  Except  the  sign  for  who-m,  any  vowel  word-sign  may 
be  added  as  a  hook  in  all  places  where  it  would  be  allowable 
to  add  the  same  sign  to  indicate  the  vowel. 

(/>)  /  and  we  may  be  prefixed  to  P,  B,  F  and  /'  by  be- 
ginning the  outline  as  if  no  stroke  followed;  that  is,  on  or 
near  the  line  of  writing. 

Rem.    Make  the  /-hook  very  small  and  the  at-^-hook  large. 
98 


LAWYER 


Beers  Shorthand.  99 


Illustrations. 


7 


some  of,    all  of,    which  of  them,   could  we,    do  we,    have  we,    are  we 

.^^_^  c^  ^  ^  "^ 

should  we  have,     will  we  make,     on  all,    do  all,     had  all,     we  may  be 

cr-         c-      '7—^-      .    -p-    ^     -  ^- 

we  give,  we  could,  we  hope,  we  believe,    we  have,    we  feel,    we  fear 

I  may,   I  will,   will  I,  and  I,   I  shall,   I  judge,   I  hope,  I  have,  I  believe 

Sec.    113.      Phrasing  is,  as,   /las,^  his. 

(a)  Either  of  the  above  words  is  added  by  the  ^-circle  and 
the  circle  is  enlarged  to  indicate  a  combination  of  any  two  of 
these  words.  A  third  circle-word  is  added  by  writing  the 
small  circle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  stem,  (h)  Occasion- 
ally the  circle  is  used  to  add  us.  (c)  When  a  following  out- 
line begins  with  the  small  circle,  that  circle  may  be  enlarged 
to  prefix  a  circle-word.  See  //  is  said,  id)  When  the  follow- 
ing outline  begins  with  one  of  the  straight  ^-compounds,  pre- 
fix a  circle-word  as  in  as  predicted,  below. 

Illustrations. 
.^  ^  ,      — o       ^^      c>l — 

it  is  as- has  as,  as  has  been  said,  give  us,  gives  us,  it  is  said,  for  as  some 
as  to  our,  as  by  our,   as  predicted,  as  true    as,    as  broad  as,  as  long  as 


100  Beers  Shorthand. 

Sec.   114.     The  Loops, 

(a)  A  final  loop  is  written  to  add  it  or  t^e,  and  its,  it  has 
or  it  is  is  added  by  the  use  of  the  loop  and  circle,  ih)  Add- 
ing a  loop  and  the  ^-curl  adds  there,  their,  or  they  are,  and, 
occasionally,  other.  The  letters  "thr"  indicate  their,  there 
or  they  ate. 

Illustrations. 

should  thr,  for  thr,  after  thr^  may  thr,  could  thr,  may  there  be,  some  other 
for  it  is-has,  may  its,  in  which  it  is-has,  in  which  it  may,  in  which  it  seems 

Sec.   115.     Not  and  ott«  Added. 

(<?)  Lengthening  a  long  consonant  sign  and  adding  the 
loop,  adds  «o/.  (^)  The  same  strokes  arelengthened  to  add 
one  or  own.  (c)  Occasionally  the  lengthening  principle  is  ex- 
tended so  as  to  include  Ch,  N,  R,  F  and  W,  making  no  dis- 
tinction in  length  between  the  paired  signs.  {d)  Have  been 
is  written  as  shown  below. 

Illustrations. 

-^    J    ^      /    ^    _  y 

may  not,  have  not,  will  not  have,  [be  not]  which  one,  our  own,  [have  been  j 

Sec.    116.      Than  Added. 

Than  is  added  to  outlines  for  words  expressing  compar- 
ison, by  the  vowel  sign  when  convenient  to  form  the  hook,  thus: 

^^    ^      ^        ^    ^      ^ 

greater  than,  faster  than,  longer  than,  shorter  than,  deeper  tlian,  more  than 


Beers  Shorthand.  101 

Sec.    117.      Our,  you,  your  and  year. 

(tf )  Our  is  added  to  outlines  ending  with  the  5-circle  by 
reversing  the  circle.  (/>)  The  hook  in  the  outline  for  your 
and  year  is  often  omitted.  (<:)  When  inconvenient  to  join 
T  for  you  or  your  in  phrasing,  write  the  tt-vowel. 

Illustrations. 

because  our,  makes  our,  and  as-it  oir,  [and  has  our]  it  is-as  our,  does  our 
your  account,  your  time,  years  ago,  your  duty,  your  disposition,  years  time 

have  you-r,  do  you-r,  to  you-r,  tell  you-r,  give  you-r,  call  your  attention 

Sec.    118.      Of  the  and  of  a-n. 

If  carefully  written,  the  sign  iov  of  mzy  be  prefixed  to  the 
signs  for  the,  a  and  an  as  shown  in  the  following  line: 

of  the,      of  a-n,      was  of  the  opinion,      of  an  advantage,      of  a  general 

Sec.    119.      J,   an,   and. 

When  the  regular  sign  for  these  words  does  not  form  a 
good  angle,  write  it  vertically,  thus: 

and  a-n,  (and  the)  and  go,  and  do,  (and  is-as,  and  has-his,  and  if,  and  in) 

Sec.    120.     Strokes  Omitted. 

In  phrasing,  the  writer  may  omit  a  consonant  that  is  but 
slightly  sounded,   in  the  same  manner  as  is  provided  for  the 


102 


Beers  Shorthand. 


omission  of  consonants  from  the  outlines  for  words,  thus : 


j- 


> 


most  necessary,  for  the  most  money,  past  week,  vast  difference,  most  good 

Sec.   121.     Correspondence  Phrases. 

The  following  occur  frequently  in  all  lines  of  business 
correspondence  and  must  be  thoroughly  learned : 


7         answering  your  favor  of 

"-"^      inclosed  please  find 

-j^ o  I  am  in  receipt  of  your 

/  favor  (-of  the) 

T^ D  I  am  in  receipt  of  your 

-^  esteemed  favor  ( of  the ) 

In    reply    to    your    es- 
teemed favor  (-of  the) 
is  at  hand 

please  acknowledge  re- 
ceipt 

Sincerely  yours 

upon    receipt     of     your 
check 


y 


upon    receipt    of    your 
letter 

/^"^     Very  truly  yours 


/ 


Very  respectfully 


Very  respectfully  yours 

We    are    in    receipt    of 
your  letter  (-of-the) 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your 
favor  (-of-the) 

We  beg  to  acknowledge 

we  beg  to  state 

Your  esteemed  letter 
your  esteemed  order 
your  favor  (-of-the) 
Your  letter  of  recent  date 
Yours  respectfully 
Yours  very  respectfully 
Yours  very  truly 


Sec  122.     Proximity  and  Repetitions. 

1.  Proximity  means  the  writing  of  two  outlines  very 
close  together,  indicating  that  of  the  is  to  be  read  between  them. 

2.  When  words  are  repeated,  z%from  day  to  day;    more 


Beers  Shorthand. 


103 


and  more,  the  repeated  words  are  written  side  by  side  and  the 
unimportant  words  are  omitted. 


Illustrations. 


^A 


:^^ 


some  of  the  books,  from  time  to  time,  from  place  to  place,  hours  of  the  day 

Sec.   123.     The  Omission  of  Words. 

The  unimportant  words,  in  phrases  of  three  or  more 
words,  are  omitted  where  such  omission  will  not  impair  the 
legibility  of  the  writing,  thus: 

• ^ '  a  good  many 

(       a  gieat  advantage 
bill  of  sale 
gentlemen  of  the  jury 
for  the  purpose  (of) 
days  of  the  week 


^ 

point  of  view 

r 

ought  to  be 

i-^r--' 

for  the  last  time 

A- 

for  the  first  time 

/ 

able  to  say 

^ 

able  to  do 

Sec.   124.     Intersections. 

The  principle  of  intersecting  outlines  is  employed  only 
for  special  terms  in  the  various  lines  of  stenographic  work  for 
such  phrases  as  occur  frequently. 

It  is  not  the  province  of  a  text-book  to  deal  to  any  extent 
with  this  class  of  phrases.  Each  writer  should  make  up  his 
own  list.  The  illustrations  following,  will  serve  to  show  the 
manner  in  which  outlines  are  intersected.  One  who  has  oc- 
casion frequently  to  write  society  will  strike  the  5-stroke  through 


104 


Beers  Shorthand. 


the  last  stroke  of  the  preceding  outline;  for  Co.,  write  A';  for 
Party,  P;  for  Journal,  J;  for  Bank,  B;  for  attention,  T;  etc. 


Illustrations. 
-^     Republican  Party 
^   Board  of  Health  <^ 

/-      bank  account 
/^     Board  of  Trade 


Democratic  Party 

Constitution  of  the 

United  States 

Pennsylvania  R.   R. 

Chamber  of  Commerce 


■    Sec.   125.     Irregular  Phrasing. 

1.  Had,  following  personal  pronouns,  and,  in  a  few 
other  cases,  is  indicated  by  H. 

2.  Occasionally  the  vowel  in  at  is  omitted. 

3.  In,  when  it  occurs  in  the  middle  ot  a  phrase,  is  some- 
times indicated  by  the  /-hook.  Also,  in,  as  an  initial  syllable 
of  a  following  word,  as  in  will  involve,  is  indicated  by  the  hook. 

4.  The  compound  signs  may  be  used  irregularly  in 
phrases  of  frequent  use.      See  to  refer,  by  request,  below. 


Illustrations. 


\ 


( 


you  had 
some  had 


which  had 
"         he  had 
^^—^     at  some  other 
-^    at  that  time 
,    ^    bear  in  mind 


will  involve 
[herein] 
<7     to  refer 
^~y     in  reference  to 
by  request 
with  reference  to 
"^     some  better 


Beers  Shorthand. 
Reading  Exercise. 


^   /  J.    ^     V.    ^  . 


-^ 


105 

-  -^ 


D 


.t,^    cr-. 


2y 


-Q-' 


-fe        <>- 


I  Ob 


^^ 


^-. 


e-      ^ 


—^ 


^ 


A  VOCABULARY 


Containing  the  outlines  for  the  Names  of  the  States, 
Chief  Cities,  Days  of  the  Week,  Months  of  the  Year,  some 
additional  word-signs  and  derivatives,  and  outlines  for  other 
words  of  frequent  use. 

When  a  portion  of  an  outline  is  made  up  of  hyphens, 
as,  ^—Tf'\  herself,  it  indicates  that  the  advanced  writer  may 
omit  such  portions  with  safety. 


^ 


L 


o^ 


7 


Z^ 


^^    absent 
o^      accident-al 


according 
admire-d,  admiration 
agriculture, 

agricultural 

Alabama 

Alaska 
Albany 

Allegheny 
Almighty 

a'Tialgamate-d 
American 

Anglo  Saxon 
announce-ment 

■o  another 
antagonize-d 

antique,  antiquity 
antiquate-d 

anybody 
anyone 

applicant 
approximate 

April 
Arizona 


l-^.y. 


~o 


7 


Arkansas 
arrive,  arri\'al 


.^ 


o? 


-^L 


aSCend-ed,  ascrndant 
assem  ble-d,  assembly 
assign-ment 
assimilate-d, 
assimilacioa 
associate 
Atlanta 

atmosphere 
attend-ed,  anendance 

August 
authorize 

automatic 
Baltimore 

bank 
bankruptcy 

belief,  believe 
benignant 

between 
bombast-ic 

bookkeeper 
Boston 

brilliant-ly 
Brooklyn 
Buffalo 
calcu!ate-d, 

calculation 
California 
Canada 


106 


Beers  Shorthand. 


107 


Canadian 
cancel 

car 
care-d 

carpo 
Catholic-ism 

certain-ly,  certainty 
certificate 

chairman 
challenge 

characteristic 
charge-d 

Chicago 
child 

children 
Christian -ity 

Cincinnati 
Cleveland 

Colorado 
Columbus 

common 
communicate-d 


"^"y 


^  community 

js^    C ^  compllment-ary 

/ —    conclude-d 
— c —  /  conduct-ed 

confer-red-ence 
(conform-ed) 

congratulate-d 
— ^  connect-ed 

Connecticut 
^    connection 

consequence 
— "=>    consequent-ly 

consequential 
—cf'   constancy 

^  /  constituent 
x^     constitute-d 


/-^,... 


/^ 


constitution 
contemplate-d 

contradlct-ed 
convict-ed 

conviction 
cosmopolitan 

countryman 
countrymen 

crimlnal-ly 
Cuba 

dark-en 
December 

defence,  defend-ed 
deject-ed,  dejection 

Delaware 
delinquent, 

delinquency 
Denver 
depart-ed, 

department 

' deponent 
desire,  desirable 
Detroit 
disclose-d 

discrepancy 
discriminate-d 

discredit 

disorder 

DIst.  of  Columbia 

dominate-d, 

domination 

doubt 
duplicate-d 

dwell 

efficiency,  efficient 

enthusiasm 
entlre-ly 

equivalent 
esteem-ed 
estimation 
example  exemplify 


108 


Beers  Shorthand. 


A    V 


^^rr 


l^      ^ 


exaggerate-d 
exercise-d 

expediency 
executive 

extinguish-ed 
extravagant 
extravaeance 

facsimile 
fall 

Fall  River 
February 

Florida 
forget 

freqiient-ly 
Friday 

fundamental -ly 
future 

generation 
genius 

Georgia 
give-n 

glory 

Grand  Rapids 

habitation 
Hawaii 

herself 
history 

hold  whole 
horizontal-ly 

household 
humility 

Idaho 
Illinois 

impartial 

impenetrable 

impossible, 

impossibility 

impregnable 

improve-d 

impro-  cment 
Inasmuch 


--/' 


TD- 


mattention 
inaugurate-d 

incapable, 

incapability 

incident-al-ally 

Indiana 

Indianapolis 

Indian'  Territory 
indicate-d 

indirect-ly 
indispensable 

indistinct-ly 
industry,  industrial 

inseparable 
instant-ly 

instantaneous 
instinct 

interior 
intoxicate-d, 
intoxication 

Iowa 
January 

Jersey  City 
judicial-Iy 

July 
June 

jurisprudence 
justification 

Kansas 
Kansas  City 

Kentucky 
kingdom 

landlord 
landscape 

larceny 
lawyer 

-legislate 
legislature 

liberty 
literature 


BEtRs  Shorthand. 


109 


^'~r 


^^ 


long,  along 
Los  Angeles 

Louisiana 
Louisville 

Lowell 
magazine 

Maine 
March 

margin 
marvelous 

Massachusetts 
mathematics 

May 
meantime 

meanwhile 
Memphis 

Michigan 
Minneapolis 

Minnesota 
Mississippi 

Missouri 
Monday 

Montana 
Montreal 

morning 
Nebraska 

neglect-ed 
negotiate-d 

Nevada 
Newark 

New  Hampshire 
New  Haven 

New  Jersey 
New  Mexico 

New  Orleans 
New  York 
nominate-d, 

nomination 

north 


A 


y 


North  Carolina 
North  Dakou 

November 
number 

numerous 
obnoxious 

observer 
October 

Ohio 
Omaha 

opinion 
Oregon 


outstanding 
Panama 


/D  parallel 
''z     participate 

partlcular-ly 
party 

Paterson 
pecuniary 

Pennsylvania 
perpendicular 

phenomenal 
Philadelphia 
philanthropy 

philanthropic-al 

Philippine  Islands 

Pittsburg 

pneumatic 

population 
Portland 

Porto  Rico 
poverty 

practical  ly 
predicament 

preponderance 
proficient 

proficiency 


r.o 


Beers  Shorthand. 


protect-ed 
Providence 
punctual-ly 
punish-ed 
punishment 

Quebec 
recapitulate 

reco^ition 
regard-ed,  real 

reg^ret 
relinquish 

remember 
resurrection 

reverend,  reverence 
revolve 

Rhode  Island 
Richmond 

Rochester 
San  Francisco 

sanguine 
Saturday 

school 
scripture-al 

Seattle 
September 

several 
short 

situate 
situation 

social 
socialistic 

South  Carolina 
South  Dakota 

Springfield 
St.   Paul 

St.   Louis 
strange 

subscribe-d 
subsequent-ly 


C^ 


subservient 
Sunday 

superior-ity 
superintend-ed 

superintendent 
xj        ^--v_P        supreme,  supremacy 

(2_^  o  o  r^  sustenance 

system -atic 
--^"^       take-n 

technical-ity 
'-^^ — ^    Tennessee 

testimony 
'  ^-o     Texas 

Thursday 

together 

Toledo 
^      ^     to-morrow 

to-night 
^''1         toward 

traffic 
<:r  transact-ed 

Trenton 
Tuesday 

twelve 
twenty 

unanimous-ly 
under 

understand 
understood 

undertake 
undertook 

union 
~\  "^         United  States 

unless 
C_P         ^         universe, 

^y  universa!-ly 

-yp  J  Utah 

"^ vacant,  vacancy 

ff'     7  valuation 

<C i^       Vermont 


Beers  Shorthand. 


Ill 


2 


_,  ,    vindicate 

2_y       vindictive 

Virginia 
visible 


w. 


^ 


/       n  vocabulary 
^^_^   voluntary 

voluntarily 
Washington 
vy^-^    Vj-^^  Wednesday 

Rem.   The  following  were  unintentionally  omitted  from  the  engravings: 


West  Virginia 
.—p^ — ,    wholesale 

Wisconsin 
(^j word 

work 
V:;,       world 

Wyoming 
yesterday 


Milwaukee  Maryland  Oklahoma 

Sec.   126.     Initials. 

When  shorthand  characters  are  used  to  indicate  initials, 
they  should  be  distinguished  as  follows: 


A 


B 


C 


K       L 


T 


U 


D        E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

^_^     ^ 

Cy. 

/ 

0 
/ 

^^ 

M        N 

O 

P 

Q 

R 

•     I 

<^ 

o 

;^ 

I 

F           V 

w 

X 

Y 

Z 

■  Sec.   127. 

Figures 

(<?)  Usually  it  is  better  to  write  numbers  by  the  use  of 
ordinary  Arabic  numerals,  but  they  must  be  formed  as  shown 
below  in  order  to  distinguish  them  from  shorthand  characters. 

(^)  When  writing  numbers  ending  in  naught,  an  up- 
ward line  is  added,  as  in  the  table  following. 

(r)     When  the  number  ends  in  00,   000  or  000,000, 


/ 

oZ 

3 

-^ 

1 

2 

3 

4 

7^ 

J^ 

5- 

10 

20 

30 

112  Beers  Shorthand. 

it  is  better  to  write  the  word-form  for  hundred^   thousand  or 
million^  as  in  the  following  examples: 

5      G      7      t      ?       0 
5        6        7        8        9         0 

^     ^    &-       7^    /^        ^ 
40       50       60       70       80        90 

100     300     800     9000     30,000     100,000     3,000,000 

Sec.    128.      The  abbreviations  inst.,   ult.   and  prox.   are 
added  to  figures  expressing  a  date  as  follows: 

/-.  ^^         /2.        ^  ""4 

1st  ult.         10th  inst.       17th  inst.     4th  prox.    12th  prox. 


This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last 
date  stamped  below 


'%f^«^m 


JAIIl8l9Si 


2m-9,'46(A394)470 


Z56 


B39s     Beers  - 

1 90 8     Beers   shorthand 


•/^',-    ;.-4    /sUftt*-^ 


Z56 

B39s 

1908 


J 


rWIVERSlTY  ot  CALlFOKi^i^ 

AT 

LOS  ANGELES 

UBRARY 


C/3 


3     O 

3 

Co 

—     -5 

Q 

:d    o 
P   -J 
to    — 

f& 

-^ 

3    "^ 

Oo 

p    p 
OT   ^ 

In 

w    Hi 

:2^ 

5"  o 

o 

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